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Anatomy > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Joints

A

Where two bones meet for movement.

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2
Q

Structural Classification

A

Based on joint anatomy.

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3
Q

Functional Classification

A

Based on range of motion.

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4
Q

Synarthrosis

A

Immovable joint type.

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5
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

Slightly movable joint type.

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6
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Freely movable joint type.

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7
Q

Suture

A

Interlocking joint found in skull.

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8
Q

Gomphosis

A

Joint binding teeth to sockets.

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9
Q

Synchondrosis

A

Rigid cartilaginous joint connection.

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10
Q

Synostosis

A

Fusion of two bones into one.

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11
Q

Syndesmosis

A

Bones connected by a ligament.

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12
Q

Symphysis

A

Bones connected by fibrocartilage.

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13
Q

Synovial Joint

A

Freely movable joint with a capsule.

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14
Q

Articular Capsule

A

Surrounds synovial joint structure.

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15
Q

Synovial Fluid

A

Lubricates and nourishes joint cavity.

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16
Q

Meniscus

A

Fibrocartilage pad between bones.

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17
Q

Bursa

A

Fluid-filled sac reducing friction.

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18
Q

Ligament

A

Connective tissue supporting joints.

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19
Q

Tendon

A

Connects muscle to bone.

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20
Q

Gliding Movement

A

Flat surfaces slide past each other.

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21
Q

Angular Movement

A

Change in angle between bones.

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22
Q

Circumduction

A

Circular movement of a limb.

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23
Q

Rotation

A

Movement around a bone’s axis.

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24
Q

Monaxial Joint

A

Allows movement around one axis.

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25
Q

Biaxial Joint

A

Allows movement around two axes.

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26
Q

Triaxial Joint

A

Allows movement around three axes.

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27
Q

Flexion

A

Decreases angle between bones.

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28
Q

Extension

A

Increases angle between bones.

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29
Q

Hyperextension

A

Extension beyond anatomical position.

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30
Q

Aging Effects on Joints

A

Common problems include stiffness and pain.

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31
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body.

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32
Q

Adduction

A

Movement toward the longitudinal axis of the body.

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33
Q

Medial rotation

A

Internal rotation toward the long axis of the body.

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34
Q

Lateral rotation

A

External rotation away from the body.

35
Q

Pronation

A

Rotates forearm so that radius rolls across ulna, resulting in palm facing posteriorly.

36
Q

Supination

A

Turns palm anteriorly; forearm is supinated in anatomical position.

37
Q

Inversion

A

Twists sole of foot medially.

38
Q

Eversion

A

Twists sole of foot laterally.

39
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Flexion at the ankle (lifting toes).

40
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Extension at the ankle (pointing toes).

41
Q

Opposition

A

Movement of thumb toward palm or other fingers.

42
Q

Reposition

A

Opposite of opposition.

43
Q

Protraction

A

Anterior movement in horizontal plane (forward).

44
Q

Retraction

A

Opposite of protraction (pulling back).

45
Q

Depression

A

Moving a structure inferiorly (down).

46
Q

Elevation

A

Moving a structure superiorly (up).

47
Q

Lateral flexion

A

Bending vertebral column to the side, also known as sidebending.

48
Q

Gliding (plane) joint

A

Flattened or slightly curved surfaces allowing limited motion (nonaxial).

49
Q

Hinge joint

A

Angular motion in a single plane (monaxial).

50
Q

Condylar (ellipsoid) joint

A

Oval articular face within a depression allowing motion in two planes (biaxial).

51
Q

Saddle joint

A

Articular faces fit together like a rider in a saddle, allowing biaxial movement.

52
Q

Pivot joint

A

Rotation only, allowing monaxial movement.

53
Q

Ball-and-socket joint

A

Round head in a cup-shaped depression allowing triaxial movement.

54
Q

Intervertebral disc

A

Separates vertebral bodies and absorbs shocks.

55
Q

Anulus fibrosus

A

Tough outer layer of fibrocartilage that attaches the disc to vertebrae.

56
Q

Nucleus pulposus

A

Elastic, gelatinous core of the intervertebral disc.

57
Q

Bulging disc

A

Bulge in anulus fibrosus that invades vertebral canal.

58
Q

Herniated disc

A

Nucleus pulposus breaks through anulus fibrosus, compressing spinal nerves.

59
Q

Articular facet

A

Surface where two bones meet at a joint.

60
Q

Intervertebral Disc

A

Cushion between vertebrae, absorbs shock.

61
Q

Intervertebral foramen

A

Opening for spinal nerves to exit vertebral column.

62
Q

Vertebral end plate

A

Cartilage covering the top and bottom of discs.

63
Q

Spinal cord

A

Central nervous system structure within vertebral column.

64
Q

Spinal nerve

A

Nerve that transmits signals between spinal cord and body.

65
Q

Elbow joint

A

Hinge joint involving humerus, radius, and ulna.

66
Q

Humero-ulnar joint

A

Largest joint at elbow, limited movement.

67
Q

Humeroradial joint

A

Smaller joint between humerus and radius.

68
Q

Biceps brachii muscle

A

Muscle responsible for elbow flexion and supination.

69
Q

Radial collateral ligament

A

Ligament stabilizing the lateral side of the elbow.

70
Q

Ulnar collateral ligament

A

Ligament stabilizing the medial side of the elbow.

71
Q

Knee joint

A

Complex hinge joint transferring weight from femur to tibia.

72
Q

Menisci

A

Fibrocartilage pads cushioning knee joint.

73
Q

Patellar ligament

A

Connects patella to tibia, stabilizes knee.

74
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament

A

Prevents excessive forward movement of tibia.

75
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament

A

Prevents excessive backward movement of tibia.

76
Q

Shoulder joint

A

Ball-and-socket joint with greatest range of motion.

77
Q

Glenoid labrum

A

Fibrocartilage rim deepening the shoulder socket.

78
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A

Group of muscles stabilizing shoulder joint.

79
Q

Hip joint

A

Strong ball-and-socket joint between femur and acetabulum.

80
Q

Iliofemoral ligament

A

Major ligament providing stability to hip joint.

81
Q

Rheumatism

A

Pain and stiffness in musculoskeletal system.

82
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Degenerative joint disease from wear and tear.

83
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Inflammatory condition attacking joint tissues.

84
Q

Bone remodeling

A

Process of bone formation and recycling.

Anatomy (15 decks)

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