Chapter 9 Flashcards
1
Q
Joints
A
Where two bones meet for movement.
2
Q
Structural Classification
A
Based on joint anatomy.
3
Q
Functional Classification
A
Based on range of motion.
4
Q
Synarthrosis
A
Immovable joint type.
5
Q
Amphiarthrosis
A
Slightly movable joint type.
6
Q
Diarthrosis
A
Freely movable joint type.
7
Q
Suture
A
Interlocking joint found in skull.
8
Q
Gomphosis
A
Joint binding teeth to sockets.
9
Q
Synchondrosis
A
Rigid cartilaginous joint connection.
10
Q
Synostosis
A
Fusion of two bones into one.
11
Q
Syndesmosis
A
Bones connected by a ligament.
12
Q
Symphysis
A
Bones connected by fibrocartilage.
13
Q
Synovial Joint
A
Freely movable joint with a capsule.
14
Q
Articular Capsule
A
Surrounds synovial joint structure.
15
Q
Synovial Fluid
A
Lubricates and nourishes joint cavity.
16
Q
Meniscus
A
Fibrocartilage pad between bones.
17
Q
Bursa
A
Fluid-filled sac reducing friction.
18
Q
Ligament
A
Connective tissue supporting joints.
19
Q
Tendon
A
Connects muscle to bone.
20
Q
Gliding Movement
A
Flat surfaces slide past each other.
21
Q
Angular Movement
A
Change in angle between bones.
22
Q
Circumduction
A
Circular movement of a limb.
23
Q
Rotation
A
Movement around a bone’s axis.
24
Q
Monaxial Joint
A
Allows movement around one axis.
25
Biaxial Joint
Allows movement around two axes.
26
Triaxial Joint
Allows movement around three axes.
27
Flexion
Decreases angle between bones.
28
Extension
Increases angle between bones.
29
Hyperextension
Extension beyond anatomical position.
30
Aging Effects on Joints
Common problems include stiffness and pain.
31
Abduction
Movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body.
32
Adduction
Movement toward the longitudinal axis of the body.
33
Medial rotation
Internal rotation toward the long axis of the body.
34
Lateral rotation
External rotation away from the body.
35
Pronation
Rotates forearm so that radius rolls across ulna, resulting in palm facing posteriorly.
36
Supination
Turns palm anteriorly; forearm is supinated in anatomical position.
37
Inversion
Twists sole of foot medially.
38
Eversion
Twists sole of foot laterally.
39
Dorsiflexion
Flexion at the ankle (lifting toes).
40
Plantar flexion
Extension at the ankle (pointing toes).
41
Opposition
Movement of thumb toward palm or other fingers.
42
Reposition
Opposite of opposition.
43
Protraction
Anterior movement in horizontal plane (forward).
44
Retraction
Opposite of protraction (pulling back).
45
Depression
Moving a structure inferiorly (down).
46
Elevation
Moving a structure superiorly (up).
47
Lateral flexion
Bending vertebral column to the side, also known as sidebending.
48
Gliding (plane) joint
Flattened or slightly curved surfaces allowing limited motion (nonaxial).
49
Hinge joint
Angular motion in a single plane (monaxial).
50
Condylar (ellipsoid) joint
Oval articular face within a depression allowing motion in two planes (biaxial).
51
Saddle joint
Articular faces fit together like a rider in a saddle, allowing biaxial movement.
52
Pivot joint
Rotation only, allowing monaxial movement.
53
Ball-and-socket joint
Round head in a cup-shaped depression allowing triaxial movement.
54
Intervertebral disc
Separates vertebral bodies and absorbs shocks.
55
Anulus fibrosus
Tough outer layer of fibrocartilage that attaches the disc to vertebrae.
56
Nucleus pulposus
Elastic, gelatinous core of the intervertebral disc.
57
Bulging disc
Bulge in anulus fibrosus that invades vertebral canal.
58
Herniated disc
Nucleus pulposus breaks through anulus fibrosus, compressing spinal nerves.
59
Articular facet
Surface where two bones meet at a joint.
60
Intervertebral Disc
Cushion between vertebrae, absorbs shock.
61
Intervertebral foramen
Opening for spinal nerves to exit vertebral column.
62
Vertebral end plate
Cartilage covering the top and bottom of discs.
63
Spinal cord
Central nervous system structure within vertebral column.
64
Spinal nerve
Nerve that transmits signals between spinal cord and body.
65
Elbow joint
Hinge joint involving humerus, radius, and ulna.
66
Humero-ulnar joint
Largest joint at elbow, limited movement.
67
Humeroradial joint
Smaller joint between humerus and radius.
68
Biceps brachii muscle
Muscle responsible for elbow flexion and supination.
69
Radial collateral ligament
Ligament stabilizing the lateral side of the elbow.
70
Ulnar collateral ligament
Ligament stabilizing the medial side of the elbow.
71
Knee joint
Complex hinge joint transferring weight from femur to tibia.
72
Menisci
Fibrocartilage pads cushioning knee joint.
73
Patellar ligament
Connects patella to tibia, stabilizes knee.
74
Anterior cruciate ligament
Prevents excessive forward movement of tibia.
75
Posterior cruciate ligament
Prevents excessive backward movement of tibia.
76
Shoulder joint
Ball-and-socket joint with greatest range of motion.
77
Glenoid labrum
Fibrocartilage rim deepening the shoulder socket.
78
Rotator cuff muscles
Group of muscles stabilizing shoulder joint.
79
Hip joint
Strong ball-and-socket joint between femur and acetabulum.
80
Iliofemoral ligament
Major ligament providing stability to hip joint.
81
Rheumatism
Pain and stiffness in musculoskeletal system.
82
Osteoarthritis
Degenerative joint disease from wear and tear.
83
Rheumatoid arthritis
Inflammatory condition attacking joint tissues.
84
Bone remodeling
Process of bone formation and recycling.
