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Anatomy > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

80 bones forming the body’s longitudinal axis.

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2
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Bones supporting the limbs of the body.

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3
Q

Cranium

A

8 cranial bones enclosing the brain.

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4
Q

Facial Bones

A

14 bones supporting the face’s structure.

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5
Q

Auditory Ossicles

A

6 small bones in the middle ear.

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6
Q

Hyoid Bone

A

Supports the tongue; not attached to other bones.

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7
Q

Thoracic Cage

A

Consists of sternum and 24 ribs.

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8
Q

Vertebral Column

A

Composed of 24 vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx.

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9
Q

Functions of Axial Skeleton

A

Supports/protects organs; muscle attachment points.

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10
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

Space enclosed by cranial bones; contains brain.

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11
Q

Sutures

A

Immovable joints connecting skull bones.

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12
Q

Lambdoid Suture

A

Joins occipital and parietal bones.

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13
Q

Coronal Suture

A

Attaches frontal to parietal bones.

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14
Q

Sagittal Suture

A

Between the two parietal bones.

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15
Q

Squamous Suture

A

Connects temporal bones with parietal bones.

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16
Q

Cervical Vertebrae

A

7 vertebrae supporting the neck.

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17
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae

A

12 vertebrae connecting to ribs.

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18
Q

Lumbar Vertebrae

A

5 vertebrae supporting lower back.

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19
Q

Sacrum

A

1 bone formed by fused vertebrae.

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20
Q

Coccyx

A

1 bone, the tailbone, at spine’s end.

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21
Q

Maxillae

A

2 bones forming the upper jaw.

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22
Q

Mandible

A

1 bone forming the lower jaw.

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23
Q

Nasal Bones

A

2 bones forming the bridge of the nose.

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24
Q

Zygomatic Bones

A

2 bones forming the cheekbones.

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25
Q

Palatine Bones

A

2 bones forming the hard palate.

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26
Q

Inferior Nasal Conchae

A

2 bones increasing nasal cavity surface area.

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27
Q

Lacrimal Bones

A

2 small bones forming part of the eye socket.

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28
Q

Vomer

A

1 bone forming part of the nasal septum.

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29
Q

Paranasal Sinuses

A

Air-filled spaces reducing skull weight.

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30
Q

Orbital Complex

A

Bones forming the eye socket structure.

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31
Q

Nasal Complex

A

Bones surrounding the nasal cavity.

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32
Q

Foramina

A

Openings allowing nerves and vessels passage.

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33
Q

Fissures

A

Slits between bones for nerve passage.

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34
Q

Parietal Bone

A

Forms superior and lateral surfaces of cranium.

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35
Q

Sphenoid

A

Forms part of the cranial floor and unites bones.

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36
Q

Hypophyseal Fossa

A

Depression in sella turcica for pituitary gland.

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37
Q

Sphenoidal Sinus

A

Air-filled cavity within the sphenoid bone.

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38
Q

Frontal Bone

A

Forms anterior cranium and roof of eye sockets.

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39
Q

Frontal Sinuses

A

Air-filled spaces within the frontal bone.

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40
Q

Temporal Bone

A

Forms lateral walls of cranium and zygomatic arches.

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41
Q

Internal Acoustic Meatus

A

Passage for vestibulocochlear and facial nerves.

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42
Q

Nasal Bone

A

Forms bridge of the nose.

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43
Q

Ethmoid

A

Forms roof of nasal cavity and part of orbits.

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44
Q

Styloid Process

A

Attachment site for muscles and ligaments.

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45
Q

Crista Galli

A

Projection for attachment of brain membranes.

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46
Q

Cribriform Plate

A

Contains olfactory foramina for smell nerves.

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47
Q

Palatine Bone

A

Forms posterior part of hard palate.

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48
Q

Occipital Bone

A

Forms posterior and inferior surfaces of cranium.

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49
Q

Maxilla

A

Forms upper jaw and supports upper teeth.

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50
Q

Hypoglossal Canal

A

Passage for hypoglossal nerve beneath occipital bone.

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51
Q

Foramen Magnum

A

Opening connecting cranial cavity to vertebral canal.

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52
Q

Sagittal Section

A

Vertical plane dividing body into left and right.

53
Q

Jugular Foramen

A

Passage for internal jugular vein and nerves.

54
Q

Internal Jugular Vein

A

Drains blood from brain to heart.

55
Q

Zygomatic Process

A

Articulates with zygomatic bone to form arch.

56
Q

Mastoid Process

A

Attachment site for neck muscles, contains cells.

57
Q

Alveolar Process

A

Supports upper teeth in maxilla.

58
Q

Palatine bones

A

L-shaped bones forming hard palate’s posterior part.

59
Q

Horizontal plate

A

Forms posterior part of hard palate.

60
Q

Perpendicular plate

A

Extends from horizontal plate to orbital process.

61
Q

Nasal bones

A

Support the bridge of the nose.

62
Q

Inferior nasal conchae

A

Slow inhaled air and create turbulence.

63
Q

Zygomatic bones

A

Contribute to orbits’ rims and lateral walls.

64
Q

Temporal process

A

Forms zygomatic arch with temporal bone.

65
Q

Zygomaticofacial foramen

A

Opening for sensory nerve of cheek.

66
Q

Lacrimal bones

A

Smallest bones forming medial orbit walls.

67
Q

Lacrimal sulcus

A

Location of lacrimal sac leading to canal.

68
Q

Alveolar part

A

Supports lower teeth in the mandible.

69
Q

Mental protuberance

A

Attachment point for facial muscles.

70
Q

Condylar process

A

Articulates with temporal bone at joint.

71
Q

Coronoid process

A

Insertion point for temporalis muscle.

72
Q

Mental foramina

A

Openings for sensory nerves of chin.

73
Q

Mandibular foramen

A

Entrance for nerves and vessels to teeth.

74
Q

Hyoid bone

A

Supports larynx and attaches related muscles.

75
Q

Greater horns

A

Support larynx and attach tongue muscles.

76
Q

Orbital complex

A

Seven bones forming the eye sockets.

77
Q

Nasal complex

A

Bones enclosing nasal cavities and sinuses.

78
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

Air-filled chambers connected to nasal cavities.

79
Q

Maxillary sinus

A

Air-filled cavity within the maxilla.

80
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

Forms base of the skull and orbits.

81
Q

Ethmoid bone

A

Forms part of nasal cavity and orbits.

82
Q

Frontal sinus

A

Air-filled cavity located in the forehead.

83
Q

Ethmoidal sinus

A

Sinus located between the eyes.

84
Q

Sphenoidal sinus

A

Sinus located behind the nose.

85
Q

Vertebral column

A

Spine protecting the spinal cord.

86
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A

Seven vertebrae supporting the neck.

87
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A

Twelve vertebrae articulating with ribs.

88
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A

Five vertebrae in the lower back.

89
Q

Sacral curve

A

Primary curve accommodating abdominopelvic organs.

90
Q

Coccygeal vertebrae

A

Small vertebrae forming the tailbone.

91
Q

Primary curves

A

Curves present during fetal development.

92
Q

Secondary curves

A

Curves developing after birth for balance.

93
Q

Vertebral body

A

Weight-bearing part of each vertebra.

94
Q

Vertebral arch

A

Forms the posterior margin of vertebral foramen.

95
Q

Articular processes

A

Projections for vertebrae articulation.

96
Q

Intervertebral discs

A

Fibrocartilage pads between vertebral bodies.

97
Q

Vertebral canal

A

Encloses the spinal cord within vertebrae.

98
Q

Spinous process

A

Posterior projection from the vertebral arch.

99
Q

Transverse processes

A

Projections from where laminae join pedicles.

100
Q

Intervertebral foramina

A

Gaps for nerve connections to spinal cord.

101
Q

C1 (Atlas)

A

First cervical vertebra, lacks body.

102
Q

C2 (Axis)

A

Second cervical vertebra, has dens.

103
Q

Vertebra prominens

A

C7, transitions to thoracic vertebrae.

104
Q

Costal facets

A

Articulate with rib heads on thoracic vertebrae.

105
Q

Transverse costal facets

A

Articulate with rib tubercles on thoracic vertebrae.

106
Q

Laminae

A

Form the roof of the vertebral arch.

107
Q

Pedicles

A

Walls of the vertebral arch.

108
Q

Vertebral foramen

A

Opening for the spinal cord.

109
Q

Articular facets

A

Surfaces for joint formation between vertebrae.

110
Q

Intervertebral foramen

A

Opening between vertebrae for nerve passage.

111
Q

Transverse process

A

Lateral projections for muscle attachment.

112
Q

Superior articular facet

A

Articulates with inferior facet of adjacent vertebra.

113
Q

Inferior articular facet

A

Articulates with superior facet of lower vertebra.

114
Q

Sacral canal

A

Passageway for nerves in the sacrum.

115
Q

Median sacral crest

A

Ridge from fused spinous processes of sacrum.

116
Q

Sacral hiatus

A

Opening for sacral nerve roots at sacrum’s end.

117
Q

Auricular surface

A

Articulates with pelvic girdle at sacroiliac joint.

118
Q

True ribs

A

Ribs 1-7, attach directly to sternum.

119
Q

False ribs

A

Ribs 8-12, do not attach directly to sternum.

120
Q

Floating ribs

A

Ribs 11-12, no connection to sternum.

121
Q

Manubrium

A

Superior part of sternum, articulates with clavicles.

122
Q

Sternal body

A

Middle part of sternum, attaches to ribs.

123
Q

Xiphoid process

A

Smallest part of sternum, attaches to diaphragm.

124
Q

Costal cartilages

A

Connect ribs to sternum, allow flexibility.

125
Q

Thoracic cage

A

Skeleton of the chest, protects thoracic organs.

126
Q

Transverse costal facet

A

Articular facet for rib tubercle on vertebra.

127
Q

Pedicle

A

Short, thick processes connecting body to arch.

128
Q

Lamina

A

Flat part of vertebral arch, forms roof.

129
Q

Costal groove

A

Depression on rib for intercostal vessels.

Anatomy (15 decks)

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