Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of body structures and their locations.

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Study of how living organisms perform functions.

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3
Q

Complementarity Principle

A

Structure dictates function in biological systems.

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4
Q

Homeostasis

A

Internal balance maintained by physiological processes.

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5
Q

Negative Feedback

A

Mechanism that counteracts changes to maintain stability.

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6
Q

Positive Feedback

A

Mechanism that enhances changes for a specific outcome.

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7
Q

Levels of Organization

A

Hierarchy of structural relationships in the body.

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8
Q

Chemical Level

A

Atoms and molecules forming the body’s structure.

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9
Q

Tissue Level

A

Group of cells working together for a function.

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9
Q

Cellular Level

A

Cells as the smallest living units in the body.

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10
Q

Organ Level

A

Two or more tissues working together as an organ.

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11
Q

Organ System Level

A

Group of interacting organs performing complex functions.

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12
Q

Organism Level

A

An individual life form, such as a human.

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13
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

Study of large, visible body structures.

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14
Q

Cytology

A

Study of cells and their functions.

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14
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

A

Study of structures visible only under a microscope.

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15
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissues and their organization.

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16
Q

Integumentary System

A

Protects body; includes skin and associated structures.

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17
Q

Skeletal System

A

Provides support; includes bones and cartilage.

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18
Q

Nervous System

A

Controls responses to stimuli; includes brain and nerves.

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19
Q

Muscular System

A

Facilitates movement; includes skeletal muscles.

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20
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Distributes blood and nutrients throughout the body.

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20
Q

Endocrine System

A

Regulates long-term changes via hormones.

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21
Q

Organ System Count

A

Humans have 11 distinct organ systems.

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22
Q

Female Reproductive System

A

Produces female sex cells and supports embryo development.

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23
Q

Male Reproductive System

A

Produces male sex cells and facilitates sexual intercourse.

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24
Q

Respiratory System

A

Delivers air to alveoli for gas exchange.

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24
Q

Digestive System

A

Processes food and absorbs nutrients and water.

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24
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Defends against infection and returns tissue fluids.

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25
Q

Urinary System

A

Excretes waste and regulates water balance.

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26
Q

Alveoli

A

Sites in lungs where gas exchange occurs.

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27
Q

Homeostatic Regulation

A

Adjusts physiological systems to preserve homeostasis.

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28
Q

Receptor

A

Receives stimulus in homeostatic regulation.

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29
Q

Effector

A

Carries out instructions to restore homeostasis.

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30
Q

Control Center

A

Processes signals and sends instructions.

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31
Q

Dynamic Process

A

Continuous adjustments to maintain optimal health.

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32
Q

Set Point

A

Desired value for a physiological variable.

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33
Q

Thermoregulatory Center

A

Regulates body temperature within a normal range.

34
Q

Stimulus

35
Q

Normal Range

36
Q

Air Conditioner

37
Q

Blood

38
Q

Spleen

39
Q

Kidneys

40
Q

Liver

41
Q

Vasodilation

42
Q

Vasoconstriction

43
Q

Receptors

44
Q

Effectors

45
Q

Sweating

46
Q

Shivering

47
Q

Abdominopelvic Quadrants

48
Q

Dynamic Equilibrium

49
Q

Cranial

50
Q

Proximal

51
Q

Distal

52
Q

Posterior

52
Q

Anterior

53
Q

Superior

54
Q

Inferior

55
Q

Sagittal Plane

56
Q

Frontal Plane

57
Q

Transverse Plane

58
Q

Medical Terminology

59
Q

Eponyms

60
Q

Anatomical Position

61
Q

Supine

62
Q

Prone

63
Q

Abdominal CT Scan

65
Q

Section

66
Q

Sectional Anatomy

68
Q

X-ray

69
Q

Midsagittal Plane

70
Q

Parasagittal Plane

71
Q

Body Cavities

72
Q

Ventral Body Cavity

73
Q

Serous Membrane

74
Q

Parietal Serosa

75
Q

Visceral Serosa

76
Q

Thoracic Cavity

77
Q

Pleural Cavity

78
Q

Mediastinum

79
Q

Pericardial Cavity

80
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity

81
Q

Peritoneal Cavity

82
Q

Parietal Peritoneum

83
Q

Visceral Peritoneum

84
Q

Abdominal Cavity

85
Q

Pelvic Cavity

86
Q

Cranial Cavity

87
Q

Spinal Cavity