Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of body structures and their locations.

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Study of how living organisms perform functions.

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3
Q

Complementarity Principle

A

Structure dictates function in biological systems.

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4
Q

Homeostasis

A

Internal balance maintained by physiological processes.

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5
Q

Negative Feedback

A

Mechanism that counteracts changes to maintain stability.

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6
Q

Positive Feedback

A

Mechanism that enhances changes for a specific outcome.

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7
Q

Levels of Organization

A

Hierarchy of structural relationships in the body.

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8
Q

Chemical Level

A

Atoms and molecules forming the body’s structure.

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9
Q

Tissue Level

A

Group of cells working together for a function.

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9
Q

Cellular Level

A

Cells as the smallest living units in the body.

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10
Q

Organ Level

A

Two or more tissues working together as an organ.

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11
Q

Organ System Level

A

Group of interacting organs performing complex functions.

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12
Q

Organism Level

A

An individual life form, such as a human.

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13
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

Study of large, visible body structures.

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14
Q

Cytology

A

Study of cells and their functions.

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14
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

A

Study of structures visible only under a microscope.

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15
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissues and their organization.

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16
Q

Integumentary System

A

Protects body; includes skin and associated structures.

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17
Q

Skeletal System

A

Provides support; includes bones and cartilage.

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18
Q

Nervous System

A

Controls responses to stimuli; includes brain and nerves.

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19
Q

Muscular System

A

Facilitates movement; includes skeletal muscles.

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20
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Distributes blood and nutrients throughout the body.

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20
Q

Endocrine System

A

Regulates long-term changes via hormones.

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21
Q

Organ System Count

A

Humans have 11 distinct organ systems.

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22
Female Reproductive System
Produces female sex cells and supports embryo development.
23
Male Reproductive System
Produces male sex cells and facilitates sexual intercourse.
24
Respiratory System
Delivers air to alveoli for gas exchange.
24
Digestive System
Processes food and absorbs nutrients and water.
24
Lymphatic System
Defends against infection and returns tissue fluids.
25
Urinary System
Excretes waste and regulates water balance.
26
Alveoli
Sites in lungs where gas exchange occurs.
27
Homeostatic Regulation
Adjusts physiological systems to preserve homeostasis.
28
Receptor
Receives stimulus in homeostatic regulation.
29
Effector
Carries out instructions to restore homeostasis.
30
Control Center
Processes signals and sends instructions.
31
Dynamic Process
Continuous adjustments to maintain optimal health.
32
Set Point
Desired value for a physiological variable.
33
Thermoregulatory Center
Regulates body temperature within a normal range.
34
Stimulus
35
Normal Range
36
Air Conditioner
37
Blood
38
Spleen
39
Kidneys
40
Liver
41
Vasodilation
42
Vasoconstriction
43
Receptors
44
Effectors
45
Sweating
46
Shivering
47
Abdominopelvic Quadrants
48
Dynamic Equilibrium
49
Cranial
50
Proximal
51
Distal
52
Posterior
52
Anterior
53
Superior
54
Inferior
55
Sagittal Plane
56
Frontal Plane
57
Transverse Plane
58
Medical Terminology
59
Eponyms
60
Anatomical Position
61
Supine
62
Prone
63
Abdominal CT Scan
64
MRI
65
Section
66
Sectional Anatomy
67
CT
68
X-ray
69
Midsagittal Plane
70
Parasagittal Plane
71
Body Cavities
72
Ventral Body Cavity
73
Serous Membrane
74
Parietal Serosa
75
Visceral Serosa
76
Thoracic Cavity
77
Pleural Cavity
78
Mediastinum
79
Pericardial Cavity
80
Abdominopelvic Cavity
81
Peritoneal Cavity
82
Parietal Peritoneum
83
Visceral Peritoneum
84
Abdominal Cavity
85
Pelvic Cavity
86
Cranial Cavity
87
Spinal Cavity