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Anatomy > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal system Includes bones of the skeleton

A

cartilages

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2
Q

Functions of the skeletal system Support

A

storage of minerals and lipids

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3
Q

Classification of bones Bones are classified by shape and structure.

A
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4
Q

Sutural bones Small

A

flat

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5
Q

Irregular bones Have complex shapes; examples include spinal vertebrae and pelvic bones.

A
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6
Q

Short bones Boxlike in appearance; examples include carpal bones and tarsal bones.

A
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7
Q

Flat bones Thin with parallel surfaces; examples include bones of the skull roof

A

sternum

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8
Q

Long bones Long and slender; found in arms

A

forearm

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9
Q

Sesamoid bones Small and round; develop within tendons near joints of knees

A

hands

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10
Q

Bone markings Surface features including projections

A

joints

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11
Q

Foramen Rounded passageway for blood vessels and/or nerves.

A
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12
Q

Process Projection or bump on a bone.

A
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13
Q

Fissure Deep furrow

A

cleft

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14
Q

Ramus Part of a bone that forms an angle with the rest of the structure.

A
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15
Q

Meatus Passage or channel

A

especially the opening of a canal.

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16
Q

Head (bone) Expanded articular end of an epiphysis

A

often separated from the shaft by a narrower neck.

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17
Q

Trochanter Large

A

rough projection on a bone.

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18
Q

Crest Prominent ridge on a bone.

A
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19
Q

Spine (bone) Pointed process on a bone.

A
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20
Q

Neck (bone) Narrow connection between the epiphysis and diaphysis.

A
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21
Q

Facet Small

A

flat articular surface on a bone.

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22
Q

Sulcus Narrow groove on a bone.

A
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23
Q

Tuberosity Rough projection on a bone.

A
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24
Q

Fossa Shallow depression on a bone.

A
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25
Q

Condyle Smooth

A

rounded articular process on a bone.

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26
Q

Trochlea Smooth

A

grooved articular process shaped like a pulley.

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27
Q

Diaphysis Shaft of a long bone

A

wall of compact bone.

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28
Q

Medullary cavity Central space in a long bone

A

also known as the marrow cavity.

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29
Q

Epiphysis Wide part at each end of a long bone

A

mostly spongy bone.

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30
Q

Metaphysis Narrow zone that connects diaphysis and epiphysis.

A
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31
Q

Bone tissue Dense

A

supportive connective tissue containing specialized cells and extracellular matrix.

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32
Q

Osteogenic cells Stem cells that divide to produce osteoblasts.

A
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33
Q

Osteoblasts Immature bone cells that secrete organic components of the matrix.

A
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34
Q

Osteocytes Mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix.

A
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35
Q

Osteoclasts Multinucleate cells that secrete acids and enzymes to dissolve bone matrix.

A
36
Q

Calcium phosphate Makes up almost two-thirds of bone mass

A

with the formula Ca3(PO4)2.

37
Q

Canaliculi Cytoplasmic extensions for cell communication.

A
38
Q

Osteolysis Erosion process of bone by osteoclasts.

A
39
Q

Osteoporosis Condition of weakened bones due to excessive osteoclast activity.

A
40
Q

Osteopetrosis Excessive bone density leading to weak bones.

A
41
Q

Compact Bone Dense bone containing osteons for strength.

A
42
Q

Spongy Bone Bone with trabeculae

A

supports and stores marrow.

43
Q

Periosteum Outer membrane covering bones

A

aids growth and repair.

44
Q

Endosteum Inner lining of medullary cavity

A

contains osteogenic cells.

45
Q

Osteon Functional unit of compact bone

A

contains central canal.

46
Q

Lamellae Layers of bone matrix surrounding central canal.

A
47
Q

Trabeculae Supporting fibers in spongy bone

A

form mesh network.

48
Q

Nutrient Artery Supplies blood to diaphysis of bones.

A
49
Q

Metaphyseal Vessels Supply blood to epiphyseal cartilages for growth.

A
50
Q

Calcification Deposition of calcium salts during ossification.

A
51
Q

Endochondral Ossification Process where cartilage is replaced by bone.

A
52
Q

Intramembranous Ossification Bone formation occurring in the dermis.

A
53
Q

Interstitial Growth Growth in length of bones.

A
54
Q

Appositional Growth Growth in width

A

thickening long bones.

55
Q

Weight Training Stimulates osteoblasts

A

strengthens bones.

56
Q

Vitamin D3 Essential for calcium absorption in intestines.

A
57
Q

Vitamin C Required for collagen synthesis in bones.

A
58
Q

Growth Hormone Stimulates overall bone growth.

A
59
Q

Parathyroid Hormone Regulates calcium ion homeostasis in blood.

A
60
Q

Calcitonin Hormone that lowers blood calcium levels.

A
61
Q

Bone Remodeling Continuous process of bone formation and resorption.

A
62
Q

Osteogenic Cells Stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts.

A
63
Q

Calcium Homeostasis Regulation of calcium ion levels in the body.

A
64
Q

Calcium Reserve Bones store 99% of the body’s calcium.

A
65
Q

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Hormone that increases blood calcium levels.

A
66
Q

Calcium Ion Concentration Normal range is 8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL.

A
67
Q

Fractures Cracks or breaks in bones from stress.

A
68
Q

Open Fracture Fracture where bone pierces skin.

A
69
Q

Closed Fracture Fracture without skin penetration.

A
70
Q

Transverse Fracture Fracture that runs horizontally across bone.

A
71
Q

Displaced Fracture Fracture where bone ends are misaligned.

A
72
Q

Compression Fracture Fracture caused by bone being crushed.

A
73
Q

Spiral Fracture Fracture caused by twisting force.

A
74
Q

Epiphyseal Fracture Fracture at the growth plate.

A
75
Q

Comminuted Fracture Fracture resulting in multiple bone pieces.

A
76
Q

Greenstick Fracture Incomplete fracture common in children.

A
77
Q

Colles Fracture Fracture of the distal radius.

A
78
Q

Pott’s Fracture Fracture of the ankle involving both bones.

A
79
Q

Fracture Hematoma Blood clot formed at fracture site.

A
80
Q

Callus Formation Stabilization of fracture by new tissue.

A
81
Q

Spongy Bone Formation Replacement of cartilage with spongy bone.

A
82
Q

Compact Bone Formation Reinforcement of bone after fracture healing.

A
83
Q

Osteopenia Inadequate ossification leading to reduced bone mass.

A
84
Q

Cancer and Bone Loss Cancerous tissues stimulate osteoclast activity.

A
85
Q

Calcium Absorption Intestinal uptake of calcium ions.

A
86
Q

Calcium Excretion Kidney removal of calcium ions from blood.

A

Anatomy (15 decks)

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