Chapter 8 Flashcards
Appendicular skeleton
Includes limbs and supporting bone girdles.
Pectoral girdle
Connects arms to the body, enabling movement.
Clavicle
S-shaped bone connecting sternum to scapula.
Scapula
Broad, flat triangle articulating with humerus.
Humerus
Only bone in the arm, extends to elbow.
Ulna
Medial bone of forearm, forms elbow joint.
Radius
Lateral bone of forearm, allows wrist rotation.
Carpal bones
Eight bones forming the wrist joint.
Metacarpals
Five bones forming the palm of the hand.
Phalanges
Finger bones; 28 total in hands.
Pelvic girdle
Supports lower limbs, connects to spine.
Femur
Thigh bone, longest bone in the body.
Patella
Kneecap, protects knee joint.
Tibia
Medial bone of lower leg, weight-bearing.
Fibula
Lateral bone of lower leg, stabilizes ankle.
Tarsal bones
Seven bones forming the ankle joint.
Metatarsals
Five bones forming the arch of the foot.
Coracoid process
Small anterior projection of the scapula.
Acromion
Large posterior projection of the scapula.
Glenoid cavity
Articulates with humerus to form shoulder joint.
Intertubercular sulcus
Groove separating greater and lesser tubercles.
Olecranon
Proximal end of ulna, forms elbow point.
Trochlear notch
Articulates with trochlea of humerus.
Radial notch
Articulates with head of radius.
Interosseous membrane
Fibrous sheet connecting ulna and radius.
Epicondyles
Distal expansions for muscle attachment on humerus.
Trochlea
Part of humerus, articulates with ulna.
Capitulum
Part of humerus, articulates with radius.
Disc-shaped head of radius
Above the neck
Radial tuberosity
Below the neck; attaches biceps brachii
Ulnar notch
At distal end; articulates with head of ulna
Radial styloid process
On lateral surface; stabilizes wrist joint
Proximal carpal bones
Four bones including scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
Distal carpal bones
Four bones including trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
Acetabulum
Socket on lateral surface of each hip bone; articulates with head of femur
Ilium
One of the three fused bones in each hip bone
Ischium
One of the three fused bones in each hip bone
Pubis
One of the three fused bones in each hip bone
Greater sciatic notch
For sciatic nerve
Iliac crest
Upper brim of the ilium
Ischial spine
Superior to lesser sciatic notch
Ischial tuberosity
Posterior projection you sit on
Pubic symphysis
Where pubic bones attach to a pad of fibrocartilage
Obturator foramen
Space encircled by ischial and pubic rami, closed by collagen fibers
Sacro-iliac joints
Where auricular surfaces of ilia articulate with sacrum
Acetabular notch
A gap in the ridge that forms margins of acetabulum
Iliac fossa
Depression between iliac crest and arcuate line
Inferior pubic ramus
Part of the pubis
Superior pubic ramus
Part of the pubis
Pectineal line
A ridge on anterior, superior surface of the pubis
Male Skull
Heavier and rougher general appearance.
Female Skull
Lighter and smoother general appearance.
Cranium Size
Male cranium is about 10% larger.
Forehead Shape
Male forehead is more sloping.
Sinuses
Males have larger sinuses than females.
Teeth Size
Male teeth are larger and more robust.
Mandible
Male mandible is larger and squarer.
Pelvis Appearance
Male pelvis is narrower and rougher.
Pelvis Shape
Female pelvis is broader and smoother.
Ilium Shape
Male ilium is long and narrow.
Sacrum Shape
Male sacrum has pronounced curvature.
Pelvic Inlet
Male pelvic inlet is narrow.
Pelvic Outlet
Female pelvic outlet is wide.
Coccyx Direction
Male coccyx points anteriorly.
Obturator Foramen
Male obturator foramen is oval.
Pubic Angle
Male pubic angle is less than 90º.
Bone Mass
Males generally have greater bone mass.
Lower Limb Functions
Weight bearing and movement.
Tarsal Bones
Seven bones forming the ankle.
Calcaneus
Largest tarsal bone, heel bone.
Longitudinal Arch
Connects calcaneus to metatarsals.
Transverse Arch
Curvature difference across foot width.
