Chapter 9 Flashcards
Incidental forgetting
Forgetting that occurs without the intention to forget
Motivated forgetting
Occurs when people purposefully engage in processes/behaviors that intentionally diminish a memory’s accessibility
Forgetting curve
A rapid rate of forgetting initially; less aditional forgetting at longer delays
Accessibility
Whether the memory can be retrieved, given that it is stored
Availability
Whether or not an item is in the memory store
Consolidation
Time-dependent process by which a new trace of information is gradually woven into the fabric of memory and by which its components and their interconnections are cemented
Reconsolidation
The process by which a consolidated memory restabilizes again after being reactivated by reminders. During its window, a memory is vulnerable to disruption.
Interference
The assumption that any negative effect on memory arise from having competitors that may share similar retrieval cues
Trace decay
The gradual weakening of memories resulting from the mere passage of time
Retroactice interference
The tendency for newer memories to interfere with retrieval of older memories
Proactive interference
The tendency for older memories to interfere with retrieval of mroe recent experiences
Retieval-induced forgetting
Selective retrieval harm recall of other memories related to the retrieved item and baseline items; suggests forgetting is adaptive to what is important based on retrieval practice
Inhibition (in retrieval-induced forgetting)
Making an item more difficult (but not impossible) to retrieve
Retrieval practice paradigm (in retrieval-induced forgetting)
Retrieval cue -> target/competitor thing
Jost’s Law (1897)
If two memories are of equal strength but of different age, the older one diminishes less over time
- Consistent with power-law of forgetting
-Forgetting becomes less over time because of consolidation
Ribot’s Law (1881)
Newly formed memories are more vulnerable to forgetting processes than older memories; thought to be caused by insuggicient time for the memories to consolidate
In the study by Carpenter, Pashler, Wixted, and Vul (2008), they found that ____ decreases the rate of ____
Testing; forgetting
In the study by Tulving, Schacter, and Stark (1982), tests of ____ memory (e.g. fragment completion) reveal ____ forgetting
implicit; slower
Jenkins & Dallenbach (1924)
Keppel & Underwood (1962) found ____ difference in ____ at 3s and 18s on a first ____-____ trial, but the performance worsened each trial after that: the ____ retention interval, the ____ proportion correct
no; retention; Brown-Peterson; longer; less
Last year, Emma lived on the west side of the town. This year, she lives on the east side of the town, but she finds that she can only remember how to get places from her old apratment and not her new one. What process is affecting her memory?
Proactive interference
Andres and Zoe are learning lists of words. Both of them see the words three times, but Andres’ sessions are 14 days apart, and Zoe’s sessions are 56 days apart. One month later, they both take a memory test. Whose performance will be better?
no difference
