Chapter 1 Flashcards
Learning
Process by which changes in behavior arises as a result of an individual or organism’s experience interacting with the world
Memory
Interenal record of past experiences acquired through learning
Clark Hull
Developed mathematical equations by which he hoped to describe the relationships among the factors that influenced learning
Edward Tolman
Rats develop cognitive maps for mental representation based on exploring their environment
What does a good theory look like?
- Simple
- Testable
- falsifiable
Models
A way we can express a theory and allows us to think about predictions and how to test them. (visual representation/ mathematical formula/ etc)
Hermann Ebbinghaus conducted the first rigorous ____ studies of human ____
“Psychology can become a rigorous natural science, defined by mathematical laws”
experimental; human
Hermann Ebbinghaus used ____ ____ (fake words) to control for prior knowledge in his study
Nonsense syllables
Hermann Ebbinghaus was interested in forgetting – or…
How memory deteriorates overtime, measured by examining how long it took to relearn a previously learned list
Retention curve
Measured how much information is retained at each point in time
Sensory memory
- Short duration (1-3 seconds)
- Iconic (visual) + echoic (auditory)
- high capacity
Short-term memory
- Short duration (~1min)
- Capacity: 7 +- 2 chunks of information
Working memory
- Duration and capacity are both between short and long term memory
- CPU of the brain: memory at work (the capacity to hold thoughts)
Long-term memory
- Long duration (hours to lifetime)
- Very high capacity, some say it’s infinity
Implicit memory is
A type of long-term memory that involves procedural memory and priming which are not explicit (cannot say out loud)
