Chapter 3 part 1

Question 1

What does the term Short-Term Memory (STM) refer to?

Answer 1

The temporary storage of relatively small amounts of information

Question 2

What does the term Working Memory (WM) refer to?

Answer 2

A complex system that is capable of both storing and manipulating information

Question 3

According to the information processing model (Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1968), information first enters the ____ ____, then moves to the ____-____ ____ by the process of ____. It then is ____ into the ____-____ ____, and can be taken out by ____.

Answer 3

Sensory store; Short-term store; attention; rehearsal; long-term store; retrieval

Question 4

Simple span tasks are often used to assess ____ of ____ ____ ____

Answer 4

capacity; Short Term Memory

Question 5

Memory span is dependent on:

Answer 5

• Remembering what the items are
• Remembering the order of the items

Question 6

Chaining

Answer 6

One possible method of remembering the order of the items in to link each item to the next item in the series

Question 7

Chaining predicts that ____ one link would prohibit any further ____ in the chain, however this effect isn’t as catastrophic as the method predicts.

Answer 7

forgetting; recall

Question 8

Chunking

Answer 8

Grouping a series of apparently random items into a smaller number of meaningful units

Question 9

The ____ of STM is typically between 5 to 9 ____

Answer 9

span; chunks

Question 10

Baddeley and Hitch (1974) proposed the idea of the phonological loop, which refers to…

Answer 10

A component of working memory model thatdeals with spoken and written material; refreshes the items in the short-term store before they decay by saying each one

Question 11

What were the findings of Peterson and Peterson (1959)?

Answer 11

The duration of STM is about 18 seconds

Question 12

The phonological loop is responsible for

Answer 12

Maintaining items in short-term memory by repeating sounud-based representations

Question 13

Conrad’s findings about the phonological similarity effect

Answer 13

Letters that are rated as sounding similar are also more likely to be misremembered as each other

Question 14

Conrad and Hull’s (1964) findings about the phonological similarity effect

Answer 14

Acoustic similarity makes some lists more difficult than others

Question 15

Baddeley, Thomson, and Buchanan’s (1975) findings about the word length effect

Answer 15

The less syllable the word in a list has, the more likely people are able to recall

Question 16

Primacy effect

Answer 16

The first words of a list are easier to recall

Question 17

Recency effect

Answer 17

The last words of a list are easier to recall

Question 18

The ____ effect is approximately the same with immediate recall or delayed recall, but ____ recall eliminates the ____ effect.

Answer 18

primacy; delayed; recency

Question 19

Primacy effect is the result of these words being stored in ____-term memory due to more ____, whereas the recency effect is found in both ____ and ____ term memory

Answer 19

long; rehearsal; short; long