Chapter 4 part 1 Flashcards
Working memory
Stores and processes that actively manipulate information
Short-term memory
The stores that maintain information
What was the significance of the modal model by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)?
It combines short-term memory and working memory into the information processing model
1. sensory memory
2. short-term store (working memory)
3. long-term store
Baddeley and Hitch (1974) proposed a model of working memory where the emphasis is on ____ of information, not its mere ____
manipulation; storage
Central executive
An attentionally-limited system that coordinates a set of two sub-systems
The phonological loop is associated with learning new ____ and maintaining ____ during tasks
- Responsible for ____ acquisition
words; strategies; language
2 subsystems of the central executive
- phonological loop: holds sequences of acoustic/speech-based items
- Visuo-spatial sketchpad: holds visually and/or spatially encoded itms and arrays
In order for the phonological loop to work, it requires _____ and ____ portions of the ambiguous speech stream
Segmenting; recognizing
Gathercole and Baddeley (1990) used the nonword repetition test in their study. What is its definition?
Pseudo words of increasing length are heard and must be repeated
What does the results of the nonword repetition test correlate with?
vocabulary development
Adults use the phonological loop when they need to learn new ____
words
Sex differences and gaps in student performance based on certain spatial and quantitative reasoning tasks can be attributed to…
- insufficient training
- instructor expectations/bias
- student feelings of belonging
In the study by Hatano and Osawa, they found that the ____ ____ and ____ ____ can work together to increase ____
Phonological loop; visuospatial sketchpad; capacity
The ____ abacus is supporting the verbal ____ span
visuospatial; digit
The Strayer and Johnston (2001) study demonstrated that…
Using a phone was significantly more imparing than listening to the radio when driving due to the active use of attention during conversation that exuasts the capacity of the central executive
