chapter 9 Flashcards
adipose
connective tissue
where are adipocytes found?
in loose connective tissue
-also an exocrine organ
where are adipocytes when they are the primary cell?
adipose tissue
functions of adipose tissue/ cells
-maintain homeostasis
-store energy in lipid drop
-add to energy when you spend more out than you are eating
-no water in it
what is energy stores as in the drop?
triglycerides
white
unimolecular
-dominant in adults
-secrete hormones
-form hypodermis/ panniculus
-accumulation= mammary fat pad
-synth hormones
-make leptin
-has 2 transition factors
mammary fat pad
make growth factors, hormones
leptin
goes to hypothalamus and makes you eat less
-long term
where does white come from?
mesenchyme
baby adipocyte
lipoblasts
-called primitive fat organ
-develops in fetus
-look like fibroblast during development
2 trans factors of white
ppar and rxr
lipoblast development
midstage= ovoid
-have many lipid drops
-has a basal lamina and pinocyte vesicles
mature adipocyte
-one large lipid drop
-spherical
-more smoother er than rough er
-FLAT NUCLEUS
-few poorly developed mitochondria bc if there was more it would take up energy
-surrounded by type 3
mitochondria
needed in brown to make heat
type 3
reticular fibers
secreted by cells
brain gut axis
regulate shunger, satiety, energy
-all abt how hormones are secreted and go to the brain and alimetary tract (gastro)
short term weight regulation
control petite and metabolism daily
-2 homrones one an appetite stimulant and one a supressor
long term
leptin and insulin
insulin= regulate blood glucose
-resistan increases insulin resistance
glucose in the blood
converted to triglycerides/ lipid drop
fatty acid from blood becomes?
triglycerise that goes to the lipid drop
-MOBILIZATION
neural mobilization
the activation of lipase during starvation
-this will split the triglyceride
hormonal mobilization.
fatty acid release from adipocyte bu hormones and enzymes
-ex: insulin causing lipid synthesis
-ex: glucagon increases lipid ulitization
lipolysis
lipid drop breaks down
-use it
brown
lots of fat drops
-smaller than white
-round nucleus
-loose lipid and empty vacuoles
-many mitochondria
-small golgi, and ers
-color comes from the mitochondria
-has unmyelinated nerve fibers
-develop from mesenchyme
where does the brown color come from
-comes from cytochrome oxidase in mitochondria
-capillaries enhance the color
why is brown in newborns?
to prevent hypothermia
where does brown stay in adults?
kindey, adrenal gland, neck, back and thorax
what are the trans factors in brown
-2 trans factors
-PRDM and PGC
mitochondria protein
thermogenin protein
-needed for metabolism in brown
-STOPS APOPTOSIS
-activated by Ne
thermogenesis
lipid metabolism generated heat
-nonshivering thermogenesis
sympathetic ns
regulates metabolic activity
-stimulates lipolysis and hydrolysis of triglyceride
-increase mitochondria activity
