chapter 4 part 4 epithelium and connective

Question 1

tight junctions

Answer 1

-proteins that fuse adjacent cells together
-completely encircle the cell and create an adhesive belt that forms an impenetrable junction
-common near apical region

Question 2

desmosomes

Answer 2

-2 disc like plaques that connect across intercellular space
-the plaques are joined by proteins called cadherins
-intermediate filaments insert into the plaques from the cytopasm

Question 3

gap junction

Answer 3

-connexon protein are the transmembrane proteins
-in electrically excitable tissues (heart and smooth muscle)

Question 4

basal lamina

Answer 4

-noncellular sheet between the epithelium and connective tissue under the epithelium
-made of proteins secreated by the epithelial cells
-selective filter for molecules coming from capillaries entering epithelium

Question 5

apical surface features

Answer 5

-microvilli (extensions of plasma membrane)= small intestine and kidneys and increase surface area for exchange/ abdorb of nutrients
-cilia (extention of apical surface of membrane)= movement

Question 6

classes of connective tissue

Answer 6

-connective tissue proper
-cartilage
-bone tissue
-blood

Question 7

which tissue is the connective tissue of origin

Answer 7

-mesenchyme that is from the mesoderm

Question 8

connective tissue characteristics

Answer 8

-some vascular some not
-non living extracellular matrix
-less cells and less tightly packed than epithelium

Question 9

connective tissue functions

Answer 9

-seperate organs into layers (areolar)
-connect tissues together (tendons/ ligaments)
-movement (bones)
-insulation
-transport (blood)
protection (immunity and bone)

Question 10

ground substance

Answer 10

unstructured material that fills space btwn cells

Question 11

fibers

Answer 11

collagen, elastic and reticular

Question 12

cell types

Answer 12

fibroblasts, chondroblasts, osteoblasts, hematopoietic stem cells

Question 13

fibroblasts

Answer 13

secrete proteins for fiber synthesis and part of the extrecellular matrix

Question 14

mast cells

Answer 14

beneath membranes, along small blood vessels, release heparin histamine and proteolytic enzymes when there is an injury

Question 15

macrophage

Answer 15

phagocytic

Question 16

hematopoietic stem cell

Answer 16

forms blood

Question 17

undifferentiated mesenchyme

Answer 17

have potential to differentiate into adult cell types

Question 18

ECM components

Answer 18

-protein fibers, ground substance and fluid

Question 19

ECM fibers

Answer 19

-collagen
-elastic
-reticular

Question 20

elastic

Answer 20

have elastin and return to original shape
-lungs and large blood vessels

Question 21

collagen

Answer 21

strong and flexible tendons and ligaments

Question 22

reticular

Answer 22

-made from fine collagenous fibers, branching networks (stroma)
-take up space btwn tissues and organs

Question 23

ground substance

Answer 23

-interstitial fluid with either hyaluronic acid (lubricant for joints), proteoglycans (protein and polysaccharide complex that is attached to hyaluronic acid and holds water), or adhesive molecules (hold proteoglycan)
-is a sieve through which nutrients diffuse between the capillaries and the cells

Question 24

cartilage

Answer 24

-made of chondrocytes and located in matrix and lacunae
-ground substance: proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid
-avascular and no nerves
-slow to heal
-perichondrium (irregular tissue surrounding it)
-3 types