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histology > chapter 8 part 1 > Flashcards

chapter 8 part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what type of tissue is bone?

A

connective tissue

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2
Q

what makes bone hard?

A

mineralizeed matrix

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3
Q

what type of homeostasis is in bone system?

A

stable levels of calcium

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4
Q

what is the main protein of bone amtrix?

A

collagen

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5
Q

what percent is ground substance in the ecm?

A

10%

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6
Q

non collagenous proteins

A

-proteoglycans
-multiadhesive glycoproteins
-k dependant proteins
-growth factors and cytokines

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7
Q

proteoglycans

A

core protein with glycosaminoglycans
-FOR BONE STRENGTH
-bind growth factors and PREVENT MINERALIZATION

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8
Q

Multiadhesive proteins

A

-ATTACH BONE CELLS AND COLLAGEN TO MINERALIZED GROUND SUBSTANCE

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9
Q

osteoprotin

A

mutliadhesive protein
-the glue btwn crystals and collagen

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10
Q

k dependent proteins

A

-protein s= remove cells after apoptosis

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11
Q

growth factors and cytokines

A

-regulatory proteins and insulin like growth factors
-tumor necrosis factor
-bone morphogenic proteins

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12
Q

bone morphogenic protein

A

differentiate mesenchyme into osteoblasts
-it is osteogenic protein

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13
Q

what connects the lacunae?

A

a network of canaliculi

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14
Q

canaliculi

A

a tunnel that goes through the matrix and lets cell processed of neighboring cells happen

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15
Q

4 bone cell types

A

-osteoprogenitor cells
-osteoblasts
-bone lining cells
-osteoclasts

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16
Q

osteoproginator cells

A

from mesenchymal cells and become osteoblasts

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17
Q

osteoblasts

A

secrete the ecm
once the cell has been surrounded with the matrix it becomes the osteocyte

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18
Q

bone lining cells

A

on the bone surface WHERE THERE IS NO ACTIVE GROWTH

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19
Q

osteoclasts

A

bone removal/ remodeling

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20
Q

which of the bone cells are phagocytic?

A

osteoblast

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21
Q

synovial

A

free moving joint
-hyaline cart.

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22
Q

medullary cavitiy

A

bone marrow

23
Q

what covers the surface of bone?

A

periosteum (dense c.t.)
-less when there is no active growth
-collagen fibers are parallel to the bone

24
Q

sharpeys fibers

A

colalgen fibers that extend from the periosteum into the ecm of the bone

25
Q

articular surface

A

where two bones connect
THERE IS NO PERICHONDRIUM

26
Q

Endosteum

A

one cell thick
-they are osteoproginator cells that became osteoblasts
-endosteal cells
-also bone linning cells

27
Q

marrow

A

-has reticular fibers
-RED MARROW DOES NOT GROW WITH BONE
-Fat= yellow marrow (will increase with age)

28
Q

what type of marrow increases with age?

A

yellow marrow

29
Q

what do mature osteocytes have?

A

concentric llamellae
-they surround the central canal

30
Q

nutrient foramine

A

-the opening in the bone hwere the b.v. reaches the marrow
-in diaphysis and epiphysis
-metaphyseal arteries bring the blood

31
Q

why is immature bone nonllamelar?

A

-because of collagen arrangement

32
Q

mature bone stains best with?

A

eosin

33
Q

immature bone stains best with?

A

hematoxolyn

34
Q

what trigers differentiation in an osteoproginator cell?

A

core binding factor alpha
-the osteoprog are made inside and out of the cell and have light staining

35
Q

what is the protein in the matrix of osteoblasts?

A

osteoid

36
Q

what junctions do osteoblasts use?

A

gap junctions

37
Q

what does the mature bone cell have that the immature does not?

A

a matrix to enclose it
-matrix is secreted by osteoblasts

38
Q

osteocyte can do what to the matrix?

A

degrade it through osteolysis

39
Q

what causes repairs?

A

osteoblasts

40
Q

when are canaliculi visible?

A

-visible in ground stains
-NOT VISIBLE IN H AND E

41
Q

3 osteocyte stages

A

-quiscent
-formative
-resoptive

42
Q

quiescent osteocyte

A

-small golgi
-mature calcified matrix

43
Q

formative

A

-larger golgi
-osteoid

44
Q

resoptive

A

-more lysosome and golgi and er
-IT IS THE PERICELLULAR SPACE AND HAS NO COLLAGEN

45
Q

osteolysis

A

breaks down the MMP (matrix mellaproteinases)

46
Q

bone lining cells are

A

-former osteoblasts that cover non remodeling bone
-flat layer of cells
-external= periosteal
-internal= endosteal
-gap junctions
-regulate calcium and phosphate entering and leaving the bone

47
Q

osteoclasts

A

-multinucleated
-has reportion bay
-DO NOT come from osteoblasts
-gran and monocyte cell lineages
-2 trans factors
-3 regions

48
Q

osteoclast regions

A

-ruffle border
-clear zones
-basolateral region

49
Q

ruffled border

A

-direct contact w bone
-microvilli for exocytosis
-slight stain
-nuclei far from bone

50
Q

clear

A

-perimeter of cytoplasm
-a compartment of the ruffled border
-where resorption and degradation happen
actin fillaments

51
Q

basolateral

A

-exocytosis of digested material
-where transport vesicles from ruffle fuse and release content

52
Q

how to osteoclast resorb bone?

A

release proteina nd lysosomal hydrolases into ecm
-after they suicide

53
Q

what are most vesicles in osteoclasts?

A

lysosomes

histology (20 decks)

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