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histology > chapter 7 > Flashcards

chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

cartilage is?

A

avascular bc the ecm provides all nutrients

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2
Q

ecm

A

solid and firm bc proteoglycans bear all weight

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3
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

-type 2 collagen
-proteoglycans
-multiadhesive groups
-fibrocartilage (type 1)
-has spaces/ lacunae
-synovial joints
-WILL NOT REPAIR ITSELF

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4
Q

TENASCINA ND FIBRONECTIN

A

ANCHOR CHON OT MATRIX

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5
Q

collagen types

A

-type 2
-type 9
-type 6

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6
Q

type 6

A

attached chon to matrix

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7
Q

3 types of proteoglycans

A

-hyluron
-chroitin sulfate
-keratan sulfate

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8
Q

hyluron

A

forms large proteoglycan (aggregan)
-allows diffusion
-formation of chon
-lets chon bear weight because of water movement

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9
Q

core protein

A

makes proteoglycan monomer (has a neg charge)

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10
Q

what do chon detect?

A

changes in the matrix that trigger ecm turnover

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11
Q

isogenous groups

A

-groups of chon
-cells recently divided
-secrete metanoprotionase (an enzyme that breaks down cartilage)

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12
Q

cytoplasmic basophilia

A

in chon, responsible for protein synth

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13
Q

does the ecm stain?

A

stains unevenly therefore the matrix is not a homogenous mixture

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14
Q

staining regions of chon

A

-capsular
-territorial
-interterritorial matrix

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15
Q

capsular/ pericellular matrix

A

-has the highest concentration of sulfates and therefore proteoglycans
-type 6 collagen
-also some type 9

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16
Q

type 6

A

binds integrin recptors on the cell surface and anchors the chon to the ecm

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17
Q

territorial

A

-surrounds isogenous groups
-type 2
-less type 9 than capsular layer
-stains less bc it has less sulfate and therefore less proteoglycans

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18
Q

interterritorial

A

surrounds the territorial and is btwn the groups of chon

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19
Q

endochondrial ossification

A

hyaline cart

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20
Q

remaining cart after growth

A

-becomes epiphyseal plate and adults have articular cartilage on ribs, nose, and trachea

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21
Q

hyaline cart is surrounded by?

A

perichondrium (connective tissue)

22
Q

Where do new cartilage cells come from?

A

the inner layer of the perichondrium

23
Q

what covers the surfaces of moveable joints?

A

hyaline

24
Q

articular cart.

A

-contact bone on one side
-no perichondrium
-2 to 5 nm and 4 zones

25
Q

zones of art. cartilage

A

-superficial
-intermediate
-deep
-calcified

26
Q

superficial/ tangital

A

-pressure resistant
-type 2 (ARRANGED IN PARALLEL FASICLES)
-long flat chon

27
Q

Intermediate/ transitional

A

-under superficial
-round chon

28
Q

deel/ radial

A

-small round chon
-in perpendicular columns

29
Q

calcified

A

-has a calcified matrix
-small chon

30
Q

what separates the calcified and deep zones?

A

the tidemark

31
Q

what makes elastic cart. elastic?

A

it has elastin in the matrix
- it is surrounded by perichondrium

32
Q

what are the best stains for elastic cart.?

A

reorcinfuchsin and orcein

33
Q

what is made of elastic?

A

ear and canal, eustachain tube and epiglottis

34
Q

which cartilage does not calcify with age?

A

elastic cart.

35
Q

fibrocartilage

A

made of chon
-it is a dense regular connective tissue with hyaline cart.
-they just have less cart. matrix
-no perichondrium
-round chon
-resist compression
-type 1 and 2
-can change the matrix even after it is snythesized
-lots of aggrecan

36
Q

where does cart. develop from

A

mesenchyme

37
Q

head

A

aggregates of ectomesenchyme that comes from the neural crest

38
Q

chondrogenic nodule

A

-site of hyaline formation
-marks the start of hyaline formation
-mesenchymal tissue around it develops perichondrium

39
Q

chondroblast

A

result of differentiation
-uses transcription factor sox-9
-move apart as they begin to deposit matrix

40
Q

appositional growth

A

-comes from innerlayer of perichondrium
-trans factor sox9
-round nucleus
-perichondrium makes new chon

41
Q

interstitial growth

A

-new cartilage comes from lacunae
-only possible because the chon retain the ability to divide
-daughter cells are together in lacunae until partition forms and move further away
-happens bc of new chon made by isogenous cell clusters

42
Q

hyaline repair

A

ONLY IF THE DEFECT AFFECT THE PERICHONDRIUM
-repair= production of dense c.t.

43
Q

hyaline repair

A

ONLY IF THE DEFECT AFFECT THE PERICHONDRIUM
-repair= production of dense c.t.hy

44
Q

hylaine calcification

A

–forms calcium phosphate/ hypoaxalate crystals

45
Q

when will calcification happen

A

when bones are growing and it happens btwn articular cartilage and bone when it is abt to be replaced by bone

46
Q

calcification

A

-does not allow diffusion to happen, chon swell and die

47
Q

chondroclast

A

enter cartilage on new b.v.
-come from bone marrow stem cells
-wherever cartilage in removes and are in lacuna

48
Q

perichondrium layers

A

-outer layer= fibrous
-inner layer= cellular (for exernal growth)

49
Q

what layer of the matrix stains more intensly?

A

capsule

50
Q

what is lightly stained matrix?

A

matrix that has not matured yet

histology (20 decks)

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