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histology > chapter 2 cell cytoplasm > Flashcards

chapter 2 cell cytoplasm Flashcards

1
Q

two types of cells

A

sex cells (gametes) that are haploid and somatic cells (diploid)

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2
Q

light microscopy

A

magnifies up to 1000 times and sometimes 2000 maximum

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3
Q

hemotoxolyn

A

bluish purple stain

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4
Q

transmission electron microscopy

A

magnifies more than light microscopy
-2 dimmensional image

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5
Q

color images

A

anything with color means that color was added artifically with an electron microscope

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6
Q

scanning electron microscop

A

shows three dimmensional image

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7
Q

cytoplasm parts

A

cytosol and organelles

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8
Q

plasmalemma

A

cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer)

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9
Q

mebranous organelles

A

-mitochondria, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes and peroxisomes

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10
Q

nonmembranous organelles

A

-cytoskeleton, microvilli, centrioles, cilia, flagella and ribosomes

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11
Q

plasma membrane

A

has trans membrane proteins and there are also nuclear pores leading to the nucleus to let out any materials that have been synthesized in there

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12
Q

plasmalemma components and function

A

-phospholipids, glycolipids, protein and cholesterol
-called the bilayer
-physical isolation, regulation of exchange with the environment, sensitivity and structural support

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13
Q

endocytosis

A

phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor mediated endocytosis

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14
Q

active processes of plasmalemma

A

ion pumps use ATP to transport particles

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15
Q

exchange pump

A

uses two ions simultanesously in opposite directions

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16
Q

phagocytosisi

A

cell eating

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17
Q

pinocytosis

A

cell drinking
-pinch into cell

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18
Q

receptor mediated

A

ligands bind specific molecules to the receptors thereby allowing only specific molecules to enter the cell

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19
Q

nonmembranous organelles/ cytoskeleton

A

microfilaments, intermediate filaments, thick filaments, microtubules

20
Q

microfilaments

A

ancho cytoskeleton to integral proteins, stabalize position of membrane proteins, anchor plasmalemma to the cytoplasm, produce movement of the cell

21
Q

intermediate filaments

A

provide strenght, stabalize organelle, transport material within the cytosol

22
Q

thick filaments

A

in muscle cells for contractions (MYOSIN)

23
Q

thin filaments

24
Q

microtubules

A

formation of centrioles that are used in cell reproduction to create spindle fibers to pull cell apart

25
Q

microtubule examples

A

centrioles, cilia and flagella

26
Q

ribosomes

A

free ribosome (floating in cytoplasm), fixed (attached to endoplasmic reticulum, BOTH CREATE PROTEIN

27
Q

double membrane organelles

A

mitochondria, nucleus, e.r., golg, lysosomes, peroxisomes

28
Q

nucleus

A

contains chromosomes

29
Q

e.r.

A

produces proteins

30
Q

golgi

A

modifies proteins, synthesize secretions, renew and modify the plasmalemma

31
Q

lysosomes

A

contains cellular digestive enzymes, fuse with phagosomes to digest solids, recycle damaged organelles, can rupture which will kill the entire cell (AUTOLYSIS)

32
Q

peroxisomes

A

contain catalase to break down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxidants, lots in the liver

33
Q

rough er

A

fixed ribosomes, where protein enters,

34
Q

smooth er

A

synthesizes lipids, steroids, carbs, stores calcium ions and detoxifies

35
Q

cis golgi

A

where substances enter from the er

36
Q

rans golgi

A

where they leave in vesicles

37
Q

membrane flow

A

constant recycling of membrane, transport vesicles connect the er with the golgi and the secretory vesicles connect the golgi witht he plasmalemma

38
Q

intercellular attachments

A

-communication junctions
adhering junctions (tight and anchoring)

39
Q

cell reproduction

A

interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis

40
Q

mitosis

A

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (cytokinesis overlaps with anaphase and telophase)

41
Q

prophase

42
Q

metaphase

43
Q

anaphase

44
Q

telophase

45
Q

cytokinesis

histology (20 decks)

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