chapter 14

Question 1

lymphatic system

Answer 1

-lymph
-lymphatic vessels
-lymphoid organs

Question 2

lymphy components

Answer 2

-interstitial fluid
-lymphocytes
-macrophages

Question 3

3 types fo lymph tissue

Answer 3

-diffuse lymphatic tissue
-lymphatic nodules
-lymphatic organs

Question 4

diffuse lymphatic tissue

Answer 4

-has no capsule
-found in connective tissue of almost all organs

Question 5

lymphatic nodule

Answer 5

-has fibrous capsule (dense ct and colalgen)
-oval shaped masses
-can be alone or in clusters
-1-25mm diameter
-tissue and nodes are in locations where injusry and infection are most likely

Question 6

lymphatic organs

Answer 6

-HAS A CAPSULE
-lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland

Question 7

lymph

Answer 7

-clear colorless fluid that is similar to plasma but low in proteins
-supplies lymphocytes to the bloodstream

Question 8

lymphatic cells

Answer 8

-nk, b, t, macrophage, dendritic cells and reticular cells

Question 9

nk

Answer 9

attack and kill cells
-surveillance

Question 10

t cells

Answer 10

thymus dependent and where they develop
-helper t, regulatory t, memory t and cytotoxic t
-come from bone marrow but go to thymus for immunocompetance by thymosin

Question 11

b cells

Answer 11

plasma cells that secrete antibodies
-bone marrow derived and immunocompetant there
-differentiate to plasmocyte and memory b

Question 12

macrophage

Answer 12

develop from monocytes and show material to the t cells

Question 13

dendritic cells

Answer 13

-branches macrophage
-in epidermis, mucous membrane and lymphatic organs

Question 14

reticulr cells

Answer 14

-stationary cells and the stroma of the lymphatic organs (give the organs structure/ support)

Question 15

primary lymphoid structure

Answer 15

thymus gland
-it causes differentiation of lymphocytes which leads to t, b, and nk

Question 16

secondary lymphoid structures

Answer 16

-lymph nodes and tonsils
-have lymphocytes and more b cells to fight infection

Question 17

lymphoid system functions

Answer 17

-maintain blood volume
-maintain chemical composition of interstitial fluid
-transport of homrones, nutrients and waste

Question 18

small lymphatic vessels

Answer 18

lymphatic capillaries

Question 19

large lymphatic vessels

Answer 19

lymphatic ducts

Question 20

lymph capillaries vs vascular capillaries

Answer 20

-lymph= larger in diameter, thinner walls, irregular outline, anchoring filaments to connect to surrounding connective tissue to keep the capillaries open and greater permeability

Question 21

lymphatic vessels vs veins

Answer 21

lymph= thinner walls, larger lumens, identifiable tunics and larger ones will have valves like veins

Question 22

lymphatic valves

Answer 22

vessel has lower pressure than vein pressure
-prevent lymph backflow
-lymph propelled by skeletal muscle contractions
-breathing in decreases thoracic pressure and moves lymph towards venous system

Question 23

venous system

Answer 23

subclavians

Question 24

primary cells of lymphatic system

Answer 24

lymphocytes
-respond to abnormal growth (cancer), invading bacteria and foreign proteins/ toxins released by bacteria

Question 25

cytotoxic t cells

Answer 25

attack foreign cells

Question 26

helpter t

Answer 26

coordinate immune response

Question 27

suppressor t

Answer 27

coordinate immune response

Question 28

memory t

Answer 28

activate is same antigen reapears later -kill

Question 29

plasmocyte

Answer 29

produce antibodies that react with antigen -antigens= immunoglobulins

Question 30

memory b

Answer 30

activate if same antigen reappears later -antibodies

Question 31

immunological surveullance cells

Answer 31

nk

Question 32

cell mediated immunity

Answer 32

-cell to cell attack

Question 33

antibody mediated immunity

Answer 33

blood is main transport for antibodies -humoral immunity

Question 34

bacterial antigen immune response

Answer 34

1. macrophage activated by the antigen 2. macrophages will phagocytize foreign substance 3. macrophage present the antigen to specific t cell 4. t cells divide to product cytotoxic t, helpter t, and memory t 5. cytotoxic kill bacterial agen 6. helper activate b cells 7. b cells produce antibodies against basteria 8. antigens and antibodies attract leukocytes that kill bacteria

Question 35

lymphocyte production

Answer 35

pluripotential stem cell will produce two lymphoid stem cells -first one foes to thymus to get thymosin and lymphocytes become t cells that stay in tissue or circulate in blood -second will go to bone and become b cells and nk that stay in tissue or circulate

Question 36

lymph tissue characteristics

Answer 36

-tissue dominate by lymphocytes -lymphocytes loosely aggregate in connective tissue

Question 37

nodule characteristics

Answer 37

-lymphocytes are in a supporting framework -nodules have germinal center that has lymphocytes

Question 38

nodule types

Answer 38

-mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) -tonsils -aggregated nodules (peyers patches and appendix)

Question 39

MALT

Answer 39

associated with digestive tract

Question 40

tonsils

Answer 40

-five sets (one pharyngeal, two palatine and two lingual)

Question 41

aggregated

Answer 41

-small intestine

Question 42

node locations

Answer 42

-cervical region -axillary region -breasts -abdominal region -inguinal region

Question 43

node parts

Answer 43

-cortex (has germinal centers) -medulla (medullary cords)

Question 44

lymph nodule flow

Answer 44

enter through afferent, through sinuses and leave through efferent lymphatic

Question 45

nodule structure

Answer 45

-capsule has afferent vessels -subcapsular space -outer cortex -germinal centers -medulla and medullary cords -hilum and efferent vessels

Question 46

thymus

Answer 46

posterioir to manubrium of the sternum -biggest at puberty then shrinks -two lobes (r and l) -many lobules separated by septs -medulla and cortex

Question 47

thymus cortex

Answer 47

stem cells waiting differentiation and mature t cells that are going to the medulla

Question 48

thymus medulla

Answer 48

inactive t cells -thymic corpuscles (unknown function)

Question 49

spleen

Answer 49

largest lymphoid organ -left edge of the stomach -2 surfaces: diapgragmatic and visceral -has a capsule -NO AFFERENT VESSELS OR SINUSES

Question 50

visceral surface regions

Answer 50

gastric and renal -is the hilum

Question 51

red pulp of the spleen

Answer 51

has components of circulating blood

Question 52

white pulm

Answer 52

forms lymphatic nodules

Question 53

functions of the spleen

Answer 53

filter and store blood

Question 54

tonsils

Answer 54

-groups of large lymphatic nodules -in the mucous membrane of the oral and pharyngeal cavities -3 types

Question 55

palatine tonsils

Answer 55

posterioir lateral wall of the oropharynx

Question 56

pharyngeal tonsil

Answer 56

posterioir wall of nasopharynx

Question 57

lingual tonsil

Answer 57

base of the tongue

Question 58

first line of defense

Answer 58

-skin -mucous membrane -secretions of the skin and mucous membrane

Question 59

second line of defense

Answer 59

-phagocytic white blood cells -antimicrobial proteins -inflammatory response

Question 60

third line of defense

Answer 60

-lymphocytes -antibodies