chapter 14 Flashcards

(60 cards)

1
Q

lymphatic system

A

-lymph
-lymphatic vessels
-lymphoid organs

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2
Q

lymphy components

A

-interstitial fluid
-lymphocytes
-macrophages

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3
Q

3 types fo lymph tissue

A

-diffuse lymphatic tissue
-lymphatic nodules
-lymphatic organs

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4
Q

diffuse lymphatic tissue

A

-has no capsule
-found in connective tissue of almost all organs

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5
Q

lymphatic nodule

A

-has fibrous capsule (dense ct and colalgen)
-oval shaped masses
-can be alone or in clusters
-1-25mm diameter
-tissue and nodes are in locations where injusry and infection are most likely

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6
Q

lymphatic organs

A

-HAS A CAPSULE
-lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland

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7
Q

lymph

A

-clear colorless fluid that is similar to plasma but low in proteins
-supplies lymphocytes to the bloodstream

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8
Q

lymphatic cells

A

-nk, b, t, macrophage, dendritic cells and reticular cells

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9
Q

nk

A

attack and kill cells
-surveillance

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10
Q

t cells

A

thymus dependent and where they develop
-helper t, regulatory t, memory t and cytotoxic t
-come from bone marrow but go to thymus for immunocompetance by thymosin

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11
Q

b cells

A

plasma cells that secrete antibodies
-bone marrow derived and immunocompetant there
-differentiate to plasmocyte and memory b

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12
Q

macrophage

A

develop from monocytes and show material to the t cells

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13
Q

dendritic cells

A

-branches macrophage
-in epidermis, mucous membrane and lymphatic organs

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14
Q

reticulr cells

A

-stationary cells and the stroma of the lymphatic organs (give the organs structure/ support)

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15
Q

primary lymphoid structure

A

thymus gland
-it causes differentiation of lymphocytes which leads to t, b, and nk

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16
Q

secondary lymphoid structures

A

-lymph nodes and tonsils
-have lymphocytes and more b cells to fight infection

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17
Q

lymphoid system functions

A

-maintain blood volume
-maintain chemical composition of interstitial fluid
-transport of homrones, nutrients and waste

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18
Q

small lymphatic vessels

A

lymphatic capillaries

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19
Q

large lymphatic vessels

A

lymphatic ducts

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20
Q

lymph capillaries vs vascular capillaries

A

-lymph= larger in diameter, thinner walls, irregular outline, anchoring filaments to connect to surrounding connective tissue to keep the capillaries open and greater permeability

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21
Q

lymphatic vessels vs veins

A

lymph= thinner walls, larger lumens, identifiable tunics and larger ones will have valves like veins

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22
Q

lymphatic valves

A

vessel has lower pressure than vein pressure
-prevent lymph backflow
-lymph propelled by skeletal muscle contractions
-breathing in decreases thoracic pressure and moves lymph towards venous system

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23
Q

venous system

A

subclavians

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24
Q

primary cells of lymphatic system

A

lymphocytes
-respond to abnormal growth (cancer), invading bacteria and foreign proteins/ toxins released by bacteria

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25
cytotoxic t cells
attack foreign cells
26
helpter t
coordinate immune response
27
suppressor t
coordinate immune response
28
memory t
activate is same antigen reapears later -kill
29
plasmocyte
produce antibodies that react with antigen -antigens= immunoglobulins
30
memory b
activate if same antigen reappears later -antibodies
31
immunological surveullance cells
nk
32
cell mediated immunity
-cell to cell attack
33
antibody mediated immunity
blood is main transport for antibodies -humoral immunity
34
bacterial antigen immune response
1. macrophage activated by the antigen 2. macrophages will phagocytize foreign substance 3. macrophage present the antigen to specific t cell 4. t cells divide to product cytotoxic t, helpter t, and memory t 5. cytotoxic kill bacterial agen 6. helper activate b cells 7. b cells produce antibodies against basteria 8. antigens and antibodies attract leukocytes that kill bacteria
35
lymphocyte production
pluripotential stem cell will produce two lymphoid stem cells -first one foes to thymus to get thymosin and lymphocytes become t cells that stay in tissue or circulate in blood -second will go to bone and become b cells and nk that stay in tissue or circulate
36
lymph tissue characteristics
-tissue dominate by lymphocytes -lymphocytes loosely aggregate in connective tissue
37
nodule characteristics
-lymphocytes are in a supporting framework -nodules have germinal center that has lymphocytes
38
nodule types
-mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) -tonsils -aggregated nodules (peyers patches and appendix)
39
MALT
associated with digestive tract
40
tonsils
-five sets (one pharyngeal, two palatine and two lingual)
41
aggregated
-small intestine
42
node locations
-cervical region -axillary region -breasts -abdominal region -inguinal region
43
node parts
-cortex (has germinal centers) -medulla (medullary cords)
44
lymph nodule flow
enter through afferent, through sinuses and leave through efferent lymphatic
45
nodule structure
-capsule has afferent vessels -subcapsular space -outer cortex -germinal centers -medulla and medullary cords -hilum and efferent vessels
46
thymus
posterioir to manubrium of the sternum -biggest at puberty then shrinks -two lobes (r and l) -many lobules separated by septs -medulla and cortex
47
thymus cortex
stem cells waiting differentiation and mature t cells that are going to the medulla
48
thymus medulla
inactive t cells -thymic corpuscles (unknown function)
49
spleen
largest lymphoid organ -left edge of the stomach -2 surfaces: diapgragmatic and visceral -has a capsule -NO AFFERENT VESSELS OR SINUSES
50
visceral surface regions
gastric and renal -is the hilum
51
red pulp of the spleen
has components of circulating blood
52
white pulm
forms lymphatic nodules
53
functions of the spleen
filter and store blood
54
tonsils
-groups of large lymphatic nodules -in the mucous membrane of the oral and pharyngeal cavities -3 types
55
palatine tonsils
posterioir lateral wall of the oropharynx
56
pharyngeal tonsil
posterioir wall of nasopharynx
57
lingual tonsil
base of the tongue
58
first line of defense
-skin -mucous membrane -secretions of the skin and mucous membrane
59
second line of defense
-phagocytic white blood cells -antimicrobial proteins -inflammatory response
60
third line of defense
-lymphocytes -antibodies