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histology > chapter 14 > Flashcards

chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

lymphatic system

A

-lymph
-lymphatic vessels
-lymphoid organs

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2
Q

lymphy components

A

-interstitial fluid
-lymphocytes
-macrophages

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3
Q

3 types fo lymph tissue

A

-diffuse lymphatic tissue
-lymphatic nodules
-lymphatic organs

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4
Q

diffuse lymphatic tissue

A

-has no capsule
-found in connective tissue of almost all organs

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5
Q

lymphatic nodule

A

-has fibrous capsule (dense ct and colalgen)
-oval shaped masses
-can be alone or in clusters
-1-25mm diameter
-tissue and nodes are in locations where injusry and infection are most likely

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6
Q

lymphatic organs

A

-HAS A CAPSULE
-lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland

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7
Q

lymph

A

-clear colorless fluid that is similar to plasma but low in proteins
-supplies lymphocytes to the bloodstream

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8
Q

lymphatic cells

A

-nk, b, t, macrophage, dendritic cells and reticular cells

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9
Q

nk

A

attack and kill cells
-surveillance

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10
Q

t cells

A

thymus dependent and where they develop
-helper t, regulatory t, memory t and cytotoxic t
-come from bone marrow but go to thymus for immunocompetance by thymosin

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11
Q

b cells

A

plasma cells that secrete antibodies
-bone marrow derived and immunocompetant there
-differentiate to plasmocyte and memory b

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12
Q

macrophage

A

develop from monocytes and show material to the t cells

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13
Q

dendritic cells

A

-branches macrophage
-in epidermis, mucous membrane and lymphatic organs

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14
Q

reticulr cells

A

-stationary cells and the stroma of the lymphatic organs (give the organs structure/ support)

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15
Q

primary lymphoid structure

A

thymus gland
-it causes differentiation of lymphocytes which leads to t, b, and nk

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16
Q

secondary lymphoid structures

A

-lymph nodes and tonsils
-have lymphocytes and more b cells to fight infection

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17
Q

lymphoid system functions

A

-maintain blood volume
-maintain chemical composition of interstitial fluid
-transport of homrones, nutrients and waste

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18
Q

small lymphatic vessels

A

lymphatic capillaries

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19
Q

large lymphatic vessels

A

lymphatic ducts

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20
Q

lymph capillaries vs vascular capillaries

A

-lymph= larger in diameter, thinner walls, irregular outline, anchoring filaments to connect to surrounding connective tissue to keep the capillaries open and greater permeability

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21
Q

lymphatic vessels vs veins

A

lymph= thinner walls, larger lumens, identifiable tunics and larger ones will have valves like veins

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22
Q

lymphatic valves

A

vessel has lower pressure than vein pressure
-prevent lymph backflow
-lymph propelled by skeletal muscle contractions
-breathing in decreases thoracic pressure and moves lymph towards venous system

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23
Q

venous system

A

subclavians

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24
Q

primary cells of lymphatic system

A

lymphocytes
-respond to abnormal growth (cancer), invading bacteria and foreign proteins/ toxins released by bacteria

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25
Q

cytotoxic t cells

A

attack foreign cells

26
Q

helpter t

A

coordinate immune response

27
Q

suppressor t

A

coordinate immune response

28
Q

memory t

A

activate is same antigen reapears later
-kill

29
Q

plasmocyte

A

produce antibodies that react with antigen
-antigens= immunoglobulins

30
Q

memory b

A

activate if same antigen reappears later
-antibodies

31
Q

immunological surveullance cells

A

nk

32
Q

cell mediated immunity

A

-cell to cell attack

33
Q

antibody mediated immunity

A

blood is main transport for antibodies
-humoral immunity

34
Q

bacterial antigen immune response

A
  1. macrophage activated by the antigen
  2. macrophages will phagocytize foreign substance
  3. macrophage present the antigen to specific t cell
  4. t cells divide to product cytotoxic t, helpter t, and memory t
  5. cytotoxic kill bacterial agen
  6. helper activate b cells
  7. b cells produce antibodies against basteria
  8. antigens and antibodies attract leukocytes that kill bacteria
35
Q

lymphocyte production

A

pluripotential stem cell will produce two lymphoid stem cells
-first one foes to thymus to get thymosin and lymphocytes become t cells that stay in tissue or circulate in blood
-second will go to bone and become b cells and nk that stay in tissue or circulate

36
Q

lymph tissue characteristics

A

-tissue dominate by lymphocytes
-lymphocytes loosely aggregate in connective tissue

37
Q

nodule characteristics

A

-lymphocytes are in a supporting framework
-nodules have germinal center that has lymphocytes

38
Q

nodule types

A

-mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
-tonsils
-aggregated nodules (peyers patches and appendix)

39
Q

MALT

A

associated with digestive tract

40
Q

tonsils

A

-five sets (one pharyngeal, two palatine and two lingual)

41
Q

aggregated

A

-small intestine

42
Q

node locations

A

-cervical region
-axillary region
-breasts
-abdominal region
-inguinal region

43
Q

node parts

A

-cortex (has germinal centers)
-medulla (medullary cords)

44
Q

lymph nodule flow

A

enter through afferent, through sinuses and leave through efferent lymphatic

45
Q

nodule structure

A

-capsule has afferent vessels
-subcapsular space
-outer cortex
-germinal centers
-medulla and medullary cords
-hilum and efferent vessels

46
Q

thymus

A

posterioir to manubrium of the sternum
-biggest at puberty then shrinks
-two lobes (r and l)
-many lobules separated by septs
-medulla and cortex

47
Q

thymus cortex

A

stem cells waiting differentiation and mature t cells that are going to the medulla

48
Q

thymus medulla

A

inactive t cells
-thymic corpuscles (unknown function)

49
Q

spleen

A

largest lymphoid organ
-left edge of the stomach
-2 surfaces: diapgragmatic and visceral
-has a capsule
-NO AFFERENT VESSELS OR SINUSES

50
Q

visceral surface regions

A

gastric and renal
-is the hilum

51
Q

red pulp of the spleen

A

has components of circulating blood

52
Q

white pulm

A

forms lymphatic nodules

53
Q

functions of the spleen

A

filter and store blood

54
Q

tonsils

A

-groups of large lymphatic nodules
-in the mucous membrane of the oral and pharyngeal cavities
-3 types

55
Q

palatine tonsils

A

posterioir lateral wall of the oropharynx

56
Q

pharyngeal tonsil

A

posterioir wall of nasopharynx

57
Q

lingual tonsil

A

base of the tongue

58
Q

first line of defense

A

-skin
-mucous membrane
-secretions of the skin and mucous membrane

59
Q

second line of defense

A

-phagocytic white blood cells
-antimicrobial proteins
-inflammatory response

60
Q

third line of defense

A

-lymphocytes
-antibodies

histology (20 decks)

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