chapter 4 part 1 epithelium

Question 1

which germ layer does the skull develop from

Answer 1

mesoderm

Question 2

intermediate mesoderm

Answer 2

-urogenital system (gonads, ducts, accessory glands)

Question 3

paraxial mesoderm

Answer 3

-skeletal muscle of trunk and limbs (NOT THE SKULL)
-muscles of head
-skin dermis
-connective tissue

Question 4

endoderm

Answer 4

-lining of respiratory tract, gi tract, urinary bladder and urachus
-epithelial parts of the thyroid, lymphatic cavity, auditory tube, tonsils, parathyroid glands, liver and pancreas

Question 5

head mesoderm

Answer 5

-skull
-connective tissue of the head
-dentin

Question 6

neuroectoderm (neural tube)

Answer 6

-CNS
-retina
-pineal body
-posterior pituitary gland

Question 7

embryonic development

Answer 7

1st part of the pregnancy

Question 8

fetal development

Answer 8

2nd part is fetal development (taking human shape)
-including birth and post natal developent

Question 9

embryology

Answer 9

-development of human child from egg adn sperm fusion into diploid

Question 10

teratology

Answer 10

study of things wrong with the fetus/ development that results in birth defects

Question 11

cells are in 4 tissue categories

Answer 11

epithelial, connective, muscular and neuro

Question 12

simple squamous

Answer 12

can be found as an exchange barrier in the central nervous system

Question 13

simple squamous

Answer 13

can be found as an exchange barrier in the central nervous system

Question 14

exocrine glands

Answer 14

release into ducts

Question 15

endocrine glands

Answer 15

release into blood stream

Question 16

merocine glands/ eccrine glands

Answer 16

sweat gland to maintain homeostasis, lots on the feet and palms

Question 17

apocrine glands

Answer 17

only active after puberty, arm pit glands, nipple glands for baby, “scent glands”

Question 18

paracrine glands

Answer 18

short distance

Question 19

epithelia

Answer 19

line passages of intestines, heart and stomach

Question 20

goblet cells

Answer 20

secrete to protect epithelial cells from hydrochlauric acid

Question 21

epithelial tissue characteristics

Answer 21

-cellularity (cells bound close together with no intercellular space), lateral surface distance is negligible
-polarity (have an exposed apical surface and an attached basal surface)
-attachment (basal layer is attached to the basal lamina)
-avascularity (do not consist of blood vessels)
-arranged in sheets (one or more layers)
-regeneration (cells are continuously replaces via cell reporoduction)* mitosis in stratum basal

Question 22

apical structure examples

Answer 22

cilia and microvilli

Question 23

epithelial tissue functions

Answer 23

physical protection, control permeability (water resistant), sensation (Merkel cells), secretion (sebaceous glands and some glands produce acidic secretions to protects from pathogens)

Question 24

epithelial cells specialization

Answer 24

-microvilli (absorption and secretion) *short
-stereocilia (long microvilli and found in the inner ear, contain actine and lack axonene)
-required for hearing and balance
-ciliated epithelium (move substances over apical surface of cells)

Question 25

epithelium maintenance

Answer 25

-intercellular connections (lateral intercellular passageways)
-attachment to the basal lamina
-epithelial maintenance and renewal is self perpetuated

Question 26

proteoglycans

Answer 26

-type of glycoprotein that regulates cell functions like adhesion, proliferation, migration, differentiation, survival and death