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NAPLEX 2023 > Chapter 80: Dietary Supplements, Natural & Complementary Medicine > Flashcards

Chapter 80: Dietary Supplements, Natural & Complementary Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

DSHEA requires the manufacturer to ensure that their products are ___ before they are marketed

A

safe

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2
Q

Drugs must be proven to be ___ & ___ before they can be sold

A

safe & effective

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3
Q

Adverse events from supplements can be reported to

A

The FDA’s Safety Reporting Portal

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4
Q

Supplements cannot claim

A

to treat, cure or mitigate (lessen) a condition

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5
Q

What are the 4 areas of concern with supplements

A

Drug interactions, increased bleeding risk, or cause hepatotoxicity or cardiotoxicity

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6
Q

Folic acid 600 mcg DFE = ___ mcg of folic acid daily

A

360 (the RDA for women in child-bering years)

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7
Q

St. John’s Wort should be avoided with which classes of drugs

A

MAOi, SSRIs and SNRIs (it is serotonergic)

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8
Q

St. John’s Wort causes ____ & requires counseling on ___ and avoidance

A

Photosensitivity
Sun protection

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9
Q

Which supplements can increase bleeding risk

A
  • Remember the 5 G’s: ginger, gingko, garlic, ginseng & glucosamine
  • Fish oils (at higher doses)
  • Vitamin E
  • Dong quai
  • Willow Bark (a salicylate)
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10
Q

Which supplements can be hepatotoxic

A
  • black cohosh (used for menopausal symptoms)
  • Kava (used for stress/anxiety)
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11
Q

Which supplements can be cardiototoxic

A
  • Ephedra (removed from market) - bitter orange (synephrine) replaced ephedra in many products (these drugs are stimulants)
  • Yohimbe (used to increase libido & for ED) - increases BP, HR, risk of seizures
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12
Q

Which supplements can be used for anxiety

A
  • Valerian
  • Passionflower
  • Kava
  • St. John’s Wort
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13
Q

Which supplement can be used for ADHD

A

omega-3 fatty acids

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14
Q

Which supplement can be used for Cold sores

A

L-lysine

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15
Q

Which supplements can be used for colds and flu

A
  • Echinacea
  • Zinc
  • Vitamin C
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16
Q

Which supplements can be used for dementia/memory

A
  • Ginkgo
  • Vitamin E
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17
Q

Which supplements can be used for depression

A
  • St. John’s Wort
  • SAMe
  • Valerian
  • 5-HTP
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18
Q

Which supplements can be used for diabetes

A
  • Alpha lipoic acid
  • Chromium
  • Cassia cinnamon
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19
Q

Which supplements can be used for dyslipidemia

A
  • Red yeast rice
  • Omega-3 FA
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20
Q

Which supplements can be used for dyspepsia

A
  • Calcium
  • Magnesium
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21
Q

Which supplements can be used for energy/weight loss

A
  • Bitter orange
  • Caffeine
  • Guarana, green tea powder
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22
Q

Which supplements can be used for erectile dysfunction

A
  • Ginseng
  • L-arginine
  • Yohimbe
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23
Q

Which supplements can be used for HF/heart health

A
  • Coenzyme Q10
  • Hawthorn
  • Omega-3 FA
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24
Q

Which supplements can be used for HTN

A
  • Omega-3 FA
  • L-arginine
  • Coenzyme Q10
  • Garlic
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25
Q

Which supplements can be used for GI health

A
  • Fibers
  • chamomile
  • Probiotics
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26
Q

Which supplements can be used for inflammation

A
  • Omega-3 FA
  • Flax seeds/oil
  • Turmeric
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27
Q

Which supplements can be used for insomnia/sleep

A
  • Melatonin for sleep (taken QHS)/jetlag (0.5-2 mg taken pre-flight & higher doses like 5 mg taken post-flight)
  • Valerian
  • Chamomile
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28
Q

Which supplement can be used for liver disease

A

Milk thistle

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29
Q

Which supplements can be used for menopause

A
  • Black cohosh
  • Dong quai
  • Evening primrose oil
  • Soy, red clover
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30
Q

Which supplements can be used for migraine, ppx

A
  • Feverfew
  • Butterbur
  • Magnesium
  • Riboflavin
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31
Q

Which supplements can be used for motion sickness

A
  • Ginger
  • Peppermint
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32
Q

Which supplements can be used for osteoarthritis

A
  • Glucosamine
  • Chondroitin
  • SAMe
  • Turmeric
33
Q

Which supplements can be used for osteoporosis

A
  • Calcium
  • Vitamin D
  • Soy
34
Q

Which supplements can be used for prostate health

A
  • Saw palmetto
  • Lycopene
35
Q

Which supplement can be used for skin conditions like acne, dandruff, and fungal infections

A

Tea tree oil

36
Q

Which supplement can be used for UTI

A

Cranberry

37
Q

5-HTP safety concern

A

serotonergic

38
Q

Bitter orange safety issue

A

Stimulant (synephrine component)

39
Q

Black cohosh safety issue

A

May be hepatotoxic

40
Q

Caffeine safety issue

A

Increases BP and HR

41
Q

Dong quai safety issue

A

Bleeding risk

42
Q

Hawthorn safety issue

A

Positive inotrope; avoid concurrent use with digoxin (additive effect)

43
Q

Kava safety issue

A

Avoid d/t hepatotoxicity

44
Q

Omega-3 FA safety issue

A

Increases bleeding risk with high doses

45
Q

Probiotics safety issue

A

Safety concern with use of live bacteria in immunocompromised states

46
Q

Red yeast rice contains a natural form of ____

A

lovastatin

47
Q

SAMe safety issue

A

serotonergic

48
Q

Valerian safety issue

A

Sedation

49
Q

Vitamin C safety concern

A

nephrolithiasis

50
Q

Vitamin E alternative name

A

alpha-tocopherol

51
Q

Vitamin E safety issue

A

bleeding risk, CVD risk

52
Q

Thiamine deficiency can cause

A

Wernicke’s encephalopathy

53
Q

Symptoms of Wernicke’s encephalopathy

A

mental confusion, ataxia, tremor and vision changes

54
Q

As the symptoms of Wernicke’s encephalopathy fade, which syndrome tends to develop

A

Korsakoff syndrome (permanent neurologic damage)

55
Q

Which vitamin are most alcoholics deficient in

A

B1 (thiamine)

56
Q

Anticonvulsants can contribute to which vitamin deficiency

A

Calcium

57
Q

Exclusively breast fed infants need how many IU of vitamin D daily

A

400 IU

58
Q

All women of childbearing age should obtain ___ mcg/daily of folic acid

A

400

59
Q

During pregnancy, folate requirements increase to ___ mcg/day

A

600

60
Q

How long before pregnancy should folate be started

A

at least 1 month before

61
Q

Prescription prenantal vitamins usually contain ____ mcg of folate

A

1000 mcg or 1 mg

62
Q

Too much vitamin E can cause

A

CVD risk

63
Q

Breastfed babies need __ mg/kg/day of iron from 4-6 months old and until consuming iron-rich foods

A

1

64
Q

When should Poly-Vi-Sol Vitamin drops be used

A

if both vitamin D and iron are needed

65
Q

Amphotericin B depletes which vitamin(s)

A

Mg, K

66
Q

Isoniazid depletes which vitamin(s)

A

B6

67
Q

Loop diuretics deplete which vitamin(s)

A

K

68
Q

Metformin depletes which vitamin(s)

A

B12

69
Q

MTX depletes which vitamin(s)

A

Folate

70
Q

Orlistat depletes which vitamin(s)

A

Beta-carotene, fat-soluble vitamins

71
Q

PPIs deplete which vitamin(s)

A

Mg

72
Q

Recommended supplement(s) for alcoholism

A

Vitamin B1

73
Q

Supplement for Goiter

A

iodine

74
Q

Recommended supplement(s) for microcytic anemia

A

Ferrous sulfate

75
Q

Recommended supplement(s) for macrocytic anemia

A

B12 and/or folate

76
Q

Recommended supplement(s) in pregnancy

A

Folate, Ca, Vitamin D, pyridoxine

77
Q

Recommended supplement(s) for osteopenia/osteoporosis

A

Ca, Vit D

78
Q

Recommended supplement(s) for CKD

A

Vitamin D

NAPLEX 2023 (88 decks)

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