Chapter 4: Learning Lab Values & Drug Monitoring Flashcards

1
Q

What can cause agranulocytosis

A

Clozapine, PTU, methimazole, procainamide, carbamazepine, Bactrim, and isoniazid

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2
Q

What causes increased calcium levels

A

Calcium supplementation, Vitamin D, thiazide diuretics

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3
Q

What causes decreased calcium levels

A

long-term heparin, loop diuretics, bisphosphonates, cinacalcet

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4
Q

What causes decreased magnesium levels

A

PPIs, diuretics

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5
Q

What causes increased phosphate levels

A

Renal failure

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6
Q

What causes increased K levels

A

ACEi, ARBs, ARAs, aliskiren, canagliflozin, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, K supplements, SMX/TMP, drosperinone-containing contraceptives

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7
Q

What causes decreased K levels

A

steroids, B-2 agonsts, diuretics, insulin

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8
Q

What causes decreased Na levels

A

carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, SSRIs, diuretics

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9
Q

What causes decreased bicarbonate levels

A

Topiramate

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10
Q

What causes increased BUN levels

A

Renal impairment and dehydration

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11
Q

What causes increased SCr

A

Aminoglycosides, amphotericin B, cisplatin, colistimethane, cyclosporine, loop diuretics, polymyxin, NSAIDs, radiocontrast dye, tacrolimus, vancomycin

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12
Q

Increased anion gap suggests:

A

metabolic acidosis

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13
Q

What causes increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

A

B12 or folate deficiency

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14
Q

What causes decreased mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

A

iron deficiency

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15
Q

Folic acid is decreased due to

A

Phenytoin/fosphenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone, methotrexate, SMX/TMP

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16
Q

Vitamin B12 is decreased due to

A

PPIs, metformin

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17
Q

When is reticulocyte count decreased

A

In untreated anemia due to iron, folate or B12 deficiency and with bone marrow suppression

18
Q

Coombs test is positive in

A

drug-induced hemolysis caused by PCNs and cephalosporins, dapsone, isoniazid, levodopa, methyldopa, methylene blue, nitrofurantoin, pegloticase, primaquine, quinidine, quinine, rasburicase, rifampin, and sulfonamides

19
Q

The RBC destruction with G6PD deficiency is triggered by:

A

Stress, foods (fava beans), dapsone, methylene blue, nitrofurantoin, pegloticase, primaquine, rasburicase, sulfonamides

20
Q

Anti-Xa peak should be obtained ___ hours after SC LMWH dose

21
Q

What is Anti-Xa used to monitor

A

LMWH and UFH

22
Q

PT/INR is used to monitor

23
Q

INR increases (without warfarin) due to

A

liver disease

24
Q

False increase in INR occurs from

A

daptomycin, oritavancin, telavancin

25
aPTT or PTT is used to monitor
UFH and direct thrombin inhibitors
26
False increase in aPTT occurs from
oritavancin and televancin
27
Platelets decrease due to
Heparin, LMWHs, fondaparinux, linezolid, valproic acid
28
Which drugs are impacted by low albumin
Warfarin, calcium and phenytoin
29
Which drugs require correction for low albumin
calcium, phenytoin and valproic acid
30
Amylase and lipase increase in pancreatitis, which can be caused by
didanosine, GLP-1 agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, valproic acid, hypertriglyceridemia
31
Creatine Kinase (CK or CPK) is increased due to
daptomycin, statins, tenofovir, raltegravir, dolutegravir
32
What are the cardiac enzymes that are used in the diagnosis of MI
Troponin T, Troponin I, BNP and NT-proBNP
33
BNP and NT-proBNP are markers of
Cardiac stress. Higher values indicate higher likelihood of HF
34
Increased TSH (hypothyroidism) is due to
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, lithium, carbamazepine
35
Lactic acid can be increased due to
NRTIs and metformin
36
Prolactin can increase due to
haloperidol, risperidone, and paliperidone
37
Uric acid can be increased due to
diuretics, niacin, low doses of ASA, pyrazinamide, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, select pancreatic enzyme products, select chemotherapy (TLS)
38
Causes of DILE
minocycline, procainamide, methimazole, methyldopa, PTU, hydralazine, anti-TNF agents, terbinafine, isoniazid, quinidine My Pretty Malar Marking Probably Has A TransIent Quality
39
Which lab parameters are used to assess HIV and monitor treatment
CD4+ lymphocyte count and viral load
40
What is the antibiody test used to screen for syphilis
RPR
41
Those with TPMT deficiency may require lower doses of
azathiopurine and mercaptopurine
42
Therapeutic drug level for vanco
Trough: 15-20 mcg/mL for most serious infections (pneumonia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, meningitis, and bacteremia) Trough: 10-15 mcg/mL for others