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NAPLEX 2023 > Chapter 39: Common Skin Conditions > Flashcards

Chapter 39: Common Skin Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Which drugs can cause the skin & secretions to turn brown

A

o Entacapone
o Levodopa
o Methyldopa

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2
Q

Which drugs can cause the skin & secretions to turn brown/black/green

A

iron

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3
Q

Which drug can cause the skin & secretions to turn brown/yellow

A

Nitrofurantoin

think of a nitro cold brew at starbucks that’s brown with yellowish foam on top

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4
Q

Which drug can cause the skin & secretions to turn orange/yellow

A

Sulfasalazine

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5
Q

Which drug can cause the skin & secretions to turn yellow-green

A

Propofol

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6
Q

Which drugs can cause the skin & secretions to turn red-orange

A

Phenazopyridine
Rifampin

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7
Q

Which drug can cause the skin & secretions to turn red

A

Anthracyclines

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8
Q

Which drugs can cause the skin & secretions to turn blue

A

Methylene blue
Mitoxantrone

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9
Q

Which drugs can cause the skin & secretions to turn blue-gray

A

o Amiodarone

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10
Q

____ are the primary determinant of acne along with presence of the bacteria (Cutibacterium acnes) and fatty acids (sebum) present in oil (sebaceous glands)

A

Androgens

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11
Q

Retinoids are ____ derivatives

A

vitamin A

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12
Q

How do retinoids work for acne?

A

Reduce adherence of keratinocytes in the oil gland

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13
Q

First-line for mild acne

A

Topicals: Benzoyl Peroxide and/or retinoid

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14
Q

First-line for moderate acne

A

Topicals: combination*
Or
PO antibiotic + BPO + topical retinoid (+ topical antibiotic)

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15
Q

First-line for severe acne

A

Topicals: combination* + PO antibiotic
Or
Oral: isotretinoin

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16
Q

Tretinoin brand names

A

Atralin, Renova, Retin-A, Retin-A Micro

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17
Q

Adapalene brand name

A

Differin

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18
Q

How long do topical retinoids take to work

A

4-12 weeks

may worsen acne initially

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19
Q

T/F: Topical retinoids should be avoided in pregnancy

A

True

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20
Q

Which topical retinoid has a slower release and therefore causes less skin irritaiton

A

Retin-A-Micro

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21
Q

Which topical retinoid is CI in pregnancy

A

Tazarotene

others should just be avoided, not CI

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22
Q

Dapsone gel should be avoided in:

A

G6PD deficiency

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23
Q

Isotretinoin brand names

A

Absorica, Amnesteem

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24
Q

Boxed warning for isotretinoin

A

Birth defects (2 forms of BC are required [cannot use a POP])

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25
Q

Warnings of isotretinoin

A

dry eyes/irritation, dry skin, chapped lips

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26
Q

Females on isotretinoin cannot get pregnant during which times

A

Cannot get pregnant for 1 month before, during, or 1 month after drug is stopped
(remember: 1 looks like the letter I for isotretinoin)

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27
Q

Minocycline brand names

A

Minocin, Solodyn

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28
Q

XR Minocycline should only be used in patients > __ years

A

12 years

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29
Q

Counseling for minocycline

A

can cause photosensitivity, fetal harm, discoloration in teeth in children

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30
Q

Docosantol brand name

A

Abreeva

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31
Q

cold sores are caused by

A

HSV-1 mostly

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32
Q

Which Rx drug is used for cold sores?

A

Acyclovir topical cream/ointment (Zovirax)

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33
Q

acyclovir brand name

A

Zovirax

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34
Q

How should you apply Abreva cream

A

apply 5x daily at first sign of outbreak; continue until healed

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35
Q

How should you apply Zovirax cream

A

apply 5x daily for 4 days

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36
Q

natural product used for cold sores

A

lysine

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37
Q

OTC and Rx used for dandruff

A

OTC: ketoconazole 1%, selenium sulfide, pyrithione zinc, coal tar shampoos
Rx: ketoconazole 2%

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38
Q

ketoconazole brand name

A

Nizoral

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39
Q

selenium sulfide brand name

A

Selsun

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40
Q

Pyrithione zinc brand name

A

Head and Shoulders

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41
Q

Coal tar shampoos brand name

A

T/Gel

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42
Q

Drugs that can cause alopecia

A

chemotherapeutics, valproate, spironolactone, heparin

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43
Q

What vitamin deficiencies can cause hair loss

A

Zinc and Vitamin D deficiency

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44
Q

Finasteride brand name for alopecia treatment

A

Propecia

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45
Q

Minoxidil topical brand name

A

Rogaine

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46
Q

Propecia is CI in

A

pregnancy

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47
Q

do not use bimatoprost with what other eye drops?

A

prostaglandin analogs used for glaucoma

48
Q

bimatroprost counseling point

A

apply nightly to skin on upper eyelid base, NOT to the lower lid

49
Q

OTC drugs that can be used for eczema

A

Aquaphor, Eucerin

50
Q

What rx drugs should be used first in eczema before using topical calcineurin inhibitors, topical PDE4i, and MABs

A

topical steroids

51
Q

Do not use Elidel and Protopic (topical calcineurin inhibitors) in children < ___ years of age

52
Q

Topical calcineurin inhibitors are associated with ___ and should only be used as second-line drugs for short-term in eczema

A

lymphoma and skin cancer

53
Q

hyperhidrosis treatment

A

OTC: antiperspirants
Rx: glycopyrronium topical (anticholinergic)

54
Q

What are the following:
1. tinea pedis
2. tinea cruris
3. tinea corporis
4. tinea capitis

A
  1. athlete’s foot
  2. jock itch
  3. ringworm
  4. ringworm on the scalp
55
Q

Terbinafine brand name

A

Lamisil AT cream, gel, or spray

56
Q

Butenafine brand name

A

Lotrimin Ultra cream

57
Q

Clotrimazole brand name

A

Lotrimin AF cream

58
Q

Miconazole brand name

A

Lotrimin AF

59
Q

Tolnaftate brand name

60
Q

betamethasone/clotrimazole brand name

61
Q

Which 2 OTC drugs are highly effective for fungal treatments of the skin

A

Terbinifine and butenafine

think of a TB test on the skin

62
Q

apply medicine ___-___ inches beyond the rash

A

1-2 inches

63
Q

Topical antifungals should be used for at least _____ weeks, even if it appears healed

64
Q

What is onychomycosis?

A

fungal infection of the nail

65
Q

____ is essential for diagnosis of toenail and fingernail infections

A

20% KOH smear

66
Q

Treatment of onychomycosis

A

usually topical not potent enough
oral treatments – terbinafine, itraconazole (off-label fluconazole, possaconazole)

67
Q

Which oral drugs are approved for toenail and fingernail infections

A

Itraconazole and terbinifine (Lamisil)

68
Q

Itraconazole (Sporanox) has a boxed warning for

A

Heart failure

69
Q

pH > ___ indicates the presence of bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis infection

70
Q

Treatments for vaginal fungal infection

A

OTC: clotrimazole, miconazole (Monistat 3)
Rx: butonazole (Gynazole-1), fluconazole (Diflucan)

71
Q

Miconazole brand name for vaginal fungal infections

A

Monistat 3 (OTC)

72
Q

Butoconazole brand name for vaginal fungal infections

A

Gynazole-1 (Rx)

73
Q

Fluconazole dosing for vaginal fungal infection

A

150 mg PO x 1

74
Q

When should a patient be referred for a vaginal fungal infection

A

complicated infection, pregnancy
Could give 7-10 days treatment as well and then refer

75
Q

Diaper rash prevention

A 
Petrolatum ointment (A & D Ointment) 
\+ zinc oxide (a desiccant) - (Desitin)
76
Q

brand name of petrolatum/zinc oxide

77
Q

If yeast is thought to be involved in a diaper rash, patient can use ___

A

nystatin (or clotrimazole, miconazole)

78
Q

treatment for hemorrhoids

A

increase dietary fiber
Preparation H - vasoconstrictor
hydrocortisone (Anusol-HC, Preparation H)
witch hazel

79
Q

Preparation H contains which drug

A

phenylephrine (topical)

80
Q

Which drugs can be used for pinworms

A

OTC: Pyrantel pamoate
Rx: albendazole, mebendazole

81
Q

What is the “tape” test in pinworm infection?

A

before voiding or defecating, take piece of tape around anus to see if eggs stick - look at under microscope

82
Q

Mebendazole and albendazole used for pinworms cause

A

HA, nausea and hepatotoxicity

83
Q

What drugs are given with systemic worm infections to help with the toxicity

A

steroids and Antiepileptic drugs

84
Q

When treating pinworms with albendazole, it must be taken with ____ to increase absorption

A

a high-fat meal

think of fat Albert - ALBEndazole & high-fat meal

85
Q

Primary treatment for scabies (mites) is _____ (OTC) in a cream formulation and the Rx drug _____

A

permethrin (Elemite)

Ivermectin (Stromectol)

86
Q

Malathion lotion 0.5% (Ovide) for lice causes ____ and is ____

A

skin irritation; flammable

87
Q

Lindane shampoo 1% is no longer recommended for lice due to ____

A

neurotoxicity

88
Q

what is used to treat scabies?

A

5% permethrin cream

89
Q

what is used to treat lice?

A

Nix 1% lotion
topical ivermectin (Sklice)

90
Q

After each lice treatment, check the hair and use a nit comb to remove nits and lice every - days

91
Q

Why is lindane no longer recommended?

A

neurotoxicity

reserved for refractory cases

92
Q

DOC for lice & when should treatment be repeated

A

permethrin (Nix) or pyrethrin/piperonyl butoxide (Rid)

Repeat treatment on day 9

93
Q

For burns, _______ can be used topically to reduce infection risk and promote healing

A

Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene; SSD)

94
Q

Primary treatment for skin irritation is topical steroids. OTC hydrocortisone comes in 2 strengths: _____; all other strengths are Rx

A

0.5% and 1%

95
Q

Potency of vehicles from highest to weakest:

A

Ointments > creams > lotions > solutions > gels > sprays

96
Q

How often should sunscreen be reapplied

A

every 2 hours & after swimming

97
Q

How to calculate Time to Burn

A

TTB (with sunscreen in min) = SPF x TTB (without sunscreen)

Example: if someone normally burns in 10 min and they use SPF of 5, then it would extend their time they would burn to 50 min (5x10)

98
Q

Very high potency topical steroids

A
  • Clobetasol propoionate 0.05% Lotion/Shampoo/Spray (Clobex), Cream/Ointment (Temovate), Foam (Olux)
  • Fluocinonide 0.1% Cream (Vanos)
99
Q

High potency topical steroids

A
  • Betamethasone dipropionate 0.05% Cream (Diprolene AF)
  • Fluocinonide 0.05% Ointment
  • Mometasone furoate 0.1% Ointment
100
Q

High-Medium potency topical steroids

A

Fluocinonide 0.05% Cream

101
Q

Medium potency topical steroids

A
  • Mometasone furoate 0.1% Cream
  • Triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% Cream, Spray (Kenalog)
102
Q

Lowest potency topical steroids

A

Hydrocortisone Cream: 0.5%, 1% (Cortaid, Cortisone, Cortizone-10)

103
Q

Propecia dose for alopecia

A

1 mg daily at least 3 months to see effect

104
Q

Topical tacrolimus (Protopic) and pimecrolimus (Elidel) should not be used in children < __ years

105
Q

Antifungals should be applied - inches beyond the rash

106
Q

Fungal infection of the foot

A

tinea pedis

107
Q

Fungal infection of the genitals, inner thighs, and buttocks

A

Tinea cruris

108
Q

Circular, red, flat sores that are itchy

A

tinea corporis (ringworm)

109
Q

Terbinafine has a risk of

A

hepatotoxicity

110
Q

Mupirocin (Bactroban) is an antibiotic cream/ointment that has very good __ and __ coverage & can be used for _____ colonization

A

Staph & strep

nasal MRSA colonization

111
Q

Ointments (__% oil and __% water such as Aquaphor) should be used for skin protection over a minor burn to hold in moisture & reduce scarring risk

A

80% oil

20% water

112
Q

Hydroxyzine brand name

113
Q

Hydroxyzine is used for

A

general urticaria (hives)

114
Q

Hydroxyzine common side effects

A

sedation and dry mouth

115
Q

Sunscreen labeling can no longer use “waterproof” or “sweatproof.” They can claim to be “water resistant” but only for __-__ min

NAPLEX 2023 (88 decks)

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