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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 8: Types of Joints > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Types of Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What is another word for joints?

A

Articulation

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2
Q

What are the 5 functions of joints?

A
  1. Functional junctions between bones.
  2. Bind parts of the skeletal system together.
  3. Make bone growth possible.
  4. Permit parts of the skeleton to change shape during childbirth.
  5. Enable the body to move in response to skeletal muscle contractions.
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3
Q

Types of joints through structural classification?

A
  1. Fibrous
  2. Cartilaginous
  3. Synovial
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4
Q

Types of joints through functional classification?

A
  1. Synarthrotic
  2. Diarthrotic
  3. Amphiarthrotic
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5
Q

What type of joint classification (F) means that the joint is slightly movable?

A

Amphiarthrotic

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6
Q

What type of joint classification (F) means that the joint is immovable?

A

Synarthrotic

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7
Q

What type of joint classification (F) means that the joint is flexible?

A

Diarthrotic

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8
Q

What are fibrous joint held together with?

A

Dense connective tissue, that largely contains collagen fibers.

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9
Q

What are the 3 types of fibrous joints?

A
  1. Syndesmosis
  2. Suture
  3. Gomphosis
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10
Q

What are the syndesmosis joints?

A
  1. Bones bound by a sheet of
    dense connective tissue
    or a bundle of dense connective tissue
  2. Amphiarthrotic (flexible, may twist)
  3. Lies between tibia and fibula (as well as the forearm)
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11
Q

What is another word for a SHEET of dense connective tissue?

A

interosseous membrane

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12
Q

What is another word for a BUNDLE of dense connective tissue?

A

interosseous ligament

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13
Q

What are the suture joints?

A
  1. Between the flat bones of the skull.
  2. Thin layer of connective tissue.
  3. Synarthrotic.
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14
Q

What are the gomphosis joints?

A
  1. Cone-shaped bony process in a socket in the jawbone.
  2. Connects the tooth to the gum.
  3. Synarthrotic.
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15
Q

What ligament hold the tooth to the jaw?

A

Periodontal ligament.

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15
Q

What connects cartilaginous joints?

A

Hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.

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16
Q

What are the 2 cartilaginous joints called?

A
  1. Synchondrosis
  2. Symphysis
17
Q

What are the synchondrosis joints?

A
  1. Bands of hyaline cartilage unite bones
  2. Some are temporary, such as epiphyseal plate (ossification converts this to a synostosis)
  3. Between manubrium and the first rib (costal cartilages, permanent, synarthrotic)
18
Q

What are the symphysis joints?

A
  1. Pad of fibrocartilage between bones.
  2. Articular surfaces covered by hyaline cartilage.
  3. Amphiarthrotic.
  4. Pubis Symphysis.
  5. Joint between bodies of adjacent vertebrae.
19
Q

What is the structure of synovial joints?

A
  1. Articular cartilage covers the articular ends of bones.
  2. The joint capsule consists of 2 layers:
    • outer fibrous layer
      composed of ligaments.
    • inner layer, synovial
      membrane, which
      secretes synovial fluid.
20
Q

What parts do the synovial joints contain?

A
  1. Articular cartilage
  2. Joint capsule
  3. Ligaments
  4. Synovial membrane
  5. Synovial cavity
  6. Synovial fluid
  7. Meniscus (-i)
  8. Bursa (-ae)
21
Q

What are the types of synovial joints?

A
  1. Ball & Socket
  2. Condylar
  3. Plane
  4. Hinge
  5. Pivot
  6. Saddle
22
Q

What is the ball and socket joint?

A
  1. Roundhead in a cup-shaped cavity.
  2. Widest range of motion; multiaxial, plus rotation
23
Q

What is another word for the ball and socket joint?

A

The Spheroidal joint.

24
Q

Where are the condylar joints located?

A
  1. metacarpals
  2. phalanges
24
Q

What is the condylar joint?

A
  1. The oval condyle fits into the elliptical cavity.
  2. Biaxial movement, no rotation
24
Q

Where can I find the spheroidal joint?

A

Hip and shoulder.

24
Q

What is the condylar joint also called?

A

The Ellipsoidal joint.

25
Q

What is the plane joint?

A
  1. It is almost flat, or slightly curved.
  2. Nonaxial; back and forth, twisting.
25
Q

What is the plane joint also called?

A

The gliding joint.

25
Q

Where can the hinge joints be found?

A

Elbow, and between phalanges.

25
Q

Where are the plane joints found?

A

The wrist and ankle.

25
Q

What is the hinge joint?

A
  1. The convex surface fits into the concave surface of another bone.
  2. Uniaxial movement
26
Q

What is the pivot joint?

A
  1. Cylindrical surface rotates within the ring of other bone.
  2. Uniaxial movement, only rotation.
27
Q

What is the pivot joint also called?

A

The Trochoid joint.

28
Q

Where can the trochoid joint be found?

A

Atlas C1 and dens of axis C2.

29
Q

What is the saddle joint?

A
  1. Both bones have concave and convex surfaces.
  2. Biaxial movement.
30
Q

What other name does the saddle joint have?

A

The Sellar joint.

31
Q

Where isa the sellar joint located?

A

Carpal & metacarpal of thumb

32
Q

What is the origin?

A

The relatively fixed end of a skeletal muscle.

33
Q

When skeletal muscles, move what joint is acted upon?

A

The synovial joint.

34
Q

What is the insertion?

A

The more moveable end of a skeletal muscle.

Anatomy & Physiology (16 decks)

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