Chapter 2: Chemical Constituents of Cells

Question 1

Origin of organic and inorganic substances:

Answer 1

Organic substances come from living things and inorganic substances don’t.

Question 2

What bonds do organic substances have?

Answer 2

Carbon-hydrogen covalent bonds.

Question 3

What bonds do inorganic substances have?

Answer 3

Ionic bonds

Question 4

Which substance has low melting and freezing points?

Answer 4

Organic Substances

Question 5

What atoms must an organic substance contain?

Answer 5

Carbon

Question 6

What are examples of inorganic substances?

Answer 6

1. Water
2. Oxygen
3. Carbon Dioxide
4. Other Gases
5. Inorganic Salts

Question 7

What functions does inorganic salts partake in?

Answer 7

1. Metabolism
2. Maintaining proper water concentration
3. Controlling pH
4. Blood Clotting
5. Bone Development
6. Energy Transfer
7. Muscle and Nerve Function
8. Electrolyte Balance

Question 8

What are the main 4 organic substances?

Answer 8

1. Lipids (Fats)
2. Carbohydrates
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids

Question 9

What are macromolecules?

Answer 9

Large organic molecules made up of multiple monomers (Polymers)

Question 10

What are stored carbohydrates called?

Answer 10

Glycogen

Question 11

Carbohydrate monomers?

Answer 11

Monosaccharides

Question 12

How many carbons do monosaccharides have?

Answer 12

3 to 7

Question 13

Structure of monosaccharides:

Answer 13

Ring or linear

Question 14

What are the five-carbon sugars?

Answer 14

Deoxyribose & Ribose

Question 15

What are the six-carbon sugars?

Answer 15

Dextrose, Glucose, Fructose, & Galactose

Question 16

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 16

Two simple sugars.

Question 17

Types of disaccharides?

Answer 17

1. Sucrose (Glucose + Fructose)
2. Lactose (Glucose + Galactose)
3. Maltose (Glucose + Glucose)

Question 18

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 18

Molecule with multiple simple sugars (monosaccharides).

Question 19

Types of polysaccharides?

Answer 19

1. Cellulose
2. Starch
3. Glycogen

Question 20

What is cellulose?

Answer 20

Plant-based carb, cannot be digested by humans.

Question 21

What is starch?

Answer 21

Highly branched chains of glucose.