Chapter 3: Cell Organelles

Question 1

What are regular human body cells called?

Answer 1

Stem cells

Question 2

What are the 3 major parts of the cell that are easily stained and visible with light microscope?

Answer 2

1. Nucleus
2. Membrane-bound organelles
3. Cytoplasm

Question 3

What are organelles?

Answer 3

Specialized structures that perform specific jobs in the cell

Question 4

What is the cytosol?

Answer 4

A watery matrix that organelles float in.

Question 5

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 5

Everything in a cell except the nucleus.

Question 6

What substances are involved in the cell membrane?

Answer 6

1. Phospholipids
2. Proteins
3. Cholesterol

Question 7

What kinds of proteins are involved in the cell membrane?

Answer 7

1. Peripheral
2. Integral
3. Transmembrane

Question 8

What are peripheral proteins?

Answer 8

Proteins on the edge of the cell membrane?

Question 9

What are integral proteins?

Answer 9

Proteins that extend within the cell membrane.

Question 10

What are transmembrane proteins?

Answer 10

Proteins that extent from one end to the other of the cell membrane.

Question 11

What structures in the cell membrane are integral proteins?

Answer 11

1. Receptors (transmembrane)
2. Pores & Channels

Question 12

What is the structure of receptors?

Answer 12

Tightly coiled rods.

Question 13

What is the structure of pores and channels?

Answer 13

Compact and globular integral proteins.

Question 14

What structures in the cell membrane are peripheral proteins?

Answer 14

1. Receptors
2. Enzymes
3. Touch or bind

Question 15

What does it mean by touch or bind?

Answer 15

Structures allow for cells to attach/bind so that molecules/info is transferred.

Question 16

What specific structure has a touch or bind function?

Answer 16

glycoproteins; important for cell aggregation and cell-to-cell recognition.

Question 17

What is CAMPs?

Answer 17

Function that guides cells on the move.

Question 18

What is selectin?

Answer 18

Slows down cells at a site of an injury.

Question 19

What is integrin?

Answer 19

Contacts and adhesion receptor protein.

Question 20

What is in the cytoplasm?

Answer 20

1. Organelles
2. Cytoskeleton

Question 21

What are ribosomes?

Answer 21

Structures that are involved in protein synthesis.

Question 22

What are ribosomes made of?

Answer 22

RNA and protein.

Question 23

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 23

Membranous flattened sacs and cylinders and fluid-filled bubble-like sacs.

Question 24

What is the Rough ER?

Answer 24

Contains ribosomes, synthesizes proteins.

Question 25

What is the Smooth ER?

Answer 25

Does not contain ribosomes, synthesized lipids.

Question 26

What are vesicles?

Answer 26

Membranous sacs that transport substances.

Question 27

What is the Golgi Apparatus?

Answer 27

5- 8 flattened membranous sacs called cisternae. Tags, stores and packages substances made by the ERs.

Question 28

What is the mitochondria?

Answer 28

Elongated fluid-filled sacs, powerhouse of the cell.

Question 29

Components of the mitochondria?

Answer 29

1. Inner Membrane, folds extensively (cristae)
2. Outer Membrane.
3. Matrix, inside

Question 30

What are lysosomes?

Answer 30

Garbage disposal of the cell (autophagy)

Question 31

What are peroxisomes?

Answer 31

Membranous sacs that resemble lysosomes in size and shape.

Question 32

Where are peroxisomes commonly found?

Answer 32

The liver and kidney.

Question 33

What enzymes do peroxisomes contain?

Answer 33

Peroxidase: produce H2O2
Catalase: break down H2O2

Question 34

What is the cytoskeleton?

Answer 34

A substance that gives strength, structure, and protection to the cell.

Question 35

What makes up the cytoskeleton?

Answer 35

1. Microfilaments
2. Microtubules
3. Intermediate Filaments

Question 36

What is the structure & purpose of microfilaments?

Answer 36

Tiny rods of protein actin that form bundles of meshwork. Provides cellular mobility.

Question 37

What is the structure & purpose of microtubules?

Answer 37

Long slender tubes that consist of many pairs of the globular protein tubulin. Maintains cell shape and moves organelles and cellular structure.