Chapter 3: Cell Organelles Flashcards
What are regular human body cells called?
Stem cells
What are the 3 major parts of the cell that are easily stained and visible with light microscope?
- Nucleus
- Membrane-bound organelles
- Cytoplasm
What are organelles?
Specialized structures that perform specific jobs in the cell
What is the cytosol?
A watery matrix that organelles float in.
What is the cytoplasm?
Everything in a cell except the nucleus.
What substances are involved in the cell membrane?
- Phospholipids
- Proteins
- Cholesterol
What kinds of proteins are involved in the cell membrane?
- Peripheral
- Integral
- Transmembrane
What are peripheral proteins?
Proteins on the edge of the cell membrane?
What are integral proteins?
Proteins that extend within the cell membrane.
What are transmembrane proteins?
Proteins that extent from one end to the other of the cell membrane.
What structures in the cell membrane are integral proteins?
- Receptors (transmembrane)
- Pores & Channels
What is the structure of receptors?
Tightly coiled rods.
What is the structure of pores and channels?
Compact and globular integral proteins.
What structures in the cell membrane are peripheral proteins?
- Receptors
- Enzymes
- Touch or bind
What does it mean by touch or bind?
Structures allow for cells to attach/bind so that molecules/info is transferred.
What specific structure has a touch or bind function?
glycoproteins; important for cell aggregation and cell-to-cell recognition.
What is CAMPs?
Function that guides cells on the move.
What is selectin?
Slows down cells at a site of an injury.
What is integrin?
Contacts and adhesion receptor protein.
What is in the cytoplasm?
- Organelles
- Cytoskeleton
What are ribosomes?
Structures that are involved in protein synthesis.
What are ribosomes made of?
RNA and protein.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
Membranous flattened sacs and cylinders and fluid-filled bubble-like sacs.
What is the Rough ER?
Contains ribosomes, synthesizes proteins.
What is the Smooth ER?
Does not contain ribosomes, synthesized lipids.
What are vesicles?
Membranous sacs that transport substances.
What is the Golgi Apparatus?
5- 8 flattened membranous sacs called cisternae. Tags, stores and packages substances made by the ERs.
What is the mitochondria?
Elongated fluid-filled sacs, powerhouse of the cell.
Components of the mitochondria?
- Inner Membrane, folds extensively (cristae)
- Outer Membrane.
- Matrix, inside
What are lysosomes?
Garbage disposal of the cell (autophagy)
What are peroxisomes?
Membranous sacs that resemble lysosomes in size and shape.
Where are peroxisomes commonly found?
The liver and kidney.
What enzymes do peroxisomes contain?
Peroxidase: produce H2O2
Catalase: break down H2O2
What is the cytoskeleton?
A substance that gives strength, structure, and protection to the cell.
What makes up the cytoskeleton?
- Microfilaments
- Microtubules
- Intermediate Filaments
What is the structure & purpose of microfilaments?
Tiny rods of protein actin that form bundles of meshwork. Provides cellular mobility.
What is the structure & purpose of microtubules?
Long slender tubes that consist of many pairs of the globular protein tubulin. Maintains cell shape and moves organelles and cellular structure.
