Chapter 7: Bone Development & Growth Flashcards
In what two ways do bones form when replacing existing bone tissue?
- Intramembranous
- Endochondral
What bones form from intramembranous ossification?
- Flat skull bones
- Clavicles
- Sternum
- Some facial bones
What bones form from endochondral ossification?
- Long bones
- And most of skeleton
What is intramembranous ossification?
The process of replacing embryonic connective tissue.
What is the process of intramembranous ossification?
- Mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts.
- They deposit bone matrix around them until they are surrounded by matrix and become osteocytes in lacunae.
- Spongy bones forms.
- The mesenchyme on the outside condenses to form the periosteum.
- Osteocytes on the inside of the forming periosteum deposit compact bone.
What is endochondral ossification?
The process of replacing hyaline cartilage.
What is the process of endochondral ossification?
- Starts as a hyaline cartilage model.
- Cartilage tissue breaks down and periosteum forms.
- Blood vessels and osteoblasts from the periosteum invade the disintegrating tissue and form spongy bone.
- Osteoblasts then deposit compact bone and become osteocytes when surrounded by bone matrix.
What region of the bone is responsible for growing in length?
Epiphysial plate
Where is the epiphysial plate located?
Between the epiphysis and the diaphysis.
There are four zone of the epiphysial plate, what are they?
- Zone of Resting Cartilage
- Zone of Proliferating Cartilage
- Zone of Hypertrophic Cartilage
- Zone of Calcified Cartilage
What is the zone of resting cartilage?
This is the layer closest to the epiphysial plate; it anchors the epiphysial plate to the epiphysis.
What is the zone of proliferating cartilage?
Layer with young cells undergoing mitosis.
What is the zone of hypertrophic cartilage?
Rows of older cells are left behind when new cells appear (lengthening the bone). The older cells begin to calcify (die).
What is the zone of calcified cartilage?
A row of calcified cells.
What is the role of osteoclasts?
Break down bone cells (Bone Resorption).