Chapter 8: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood

Question 1

Initiative vs Guilt

Answer 1

Erikson’s 3rd stage

children move into wider social world, adventurous nature, lots of energy, discover who they are

Question 2

self-understanding

Answer 2

child’s representation of self

Question 3

moral development

Answer 3

involves thoughts, feelings, and behaviors surrounding rules and conventions

Question 4

heteronomous morality

Answer 4

Piaget’s first stage of moral development

rules are unchangeable outside of human-control

Question 5

autonomous morality

Answer 5

(10+) awareness that rules and laws are made by people and aren’t definite

Question 6

immanent justice

Answer 6

if a rule is broken, punishment is immediate

Question 7

conscience

Answer 7

internal regulation of right and wrong involving moral thought, feeling, and behavior

Question 8

gender

Answer 8

characteristics of people as male/female

Question 9

gender identity

Answer 9

sense of being male/female/etc.

Question 10

When is gender identity acquired?

Answer 10

by age 3

Question 11

gender role

Answer 11

set of expectations that prescribes how a certain gender should act, feel, think

Question 12

gender typing

Answer 12

acquisition of traditional masc or fem role

Question 13

social role theory

Answer 13

gender differences result from contrasting gender roles

Question 14

psychoanalytic theory of gender

Answer 14

Freud’s justification for wanting to fuck his mommy

Question 15

social cognitive theory of gender

Answer 15

children’s gender development is through observation and imitation of gender behavior and rewards/punishments for gender-appropriate/inappropriate behavior

Question 16

gender schema theory

Answer 16

gender typing emerges as children develop gender schemas

Question 17

Diana Baumrind’s parenting styles include _______.

Answer 17

Authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful, and indulgent

Question 18

Authoritarian parenting

Answer 18

restrictive, punitive style
parents exert strong authority over children
associated with children developing social incompetence

Question 19

Authoritative parenting

Answer 19

parents demonstrate control/limitations and allow for freedom
verbal communication with kids
creates socially-competent kids

Question 20

Neglectful parenting

Answer 20

parent is uninvolved

Question 21

Indulgent parenting

Answer 21

paren gives in easily and doesn’t say no

Question 22

Criticism of Baumrind’s styles includes _______.

Answer 22

parenting style is multifaceted, ignorant of cultural values, very broad

Question 23

coparenting

Answer 23

support from both parents in jointly raising their children

Question 24

T or F
Abused children often become abusive parents.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

T or F Most sibling relationships do not involve a lot of conflict.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

What values can siblings help one another develop?

Answer 26

learning, teaching, sharing, playing, conflict resolution, communication

Question 27

What are the three ways parents try to resolve sibling conflicts?

Answer 27

1) intervention 2) threatening 3) nothing at all

Question 28

T or F Birth order is a good predictor for behavior.

Answer 28

False, there are a lot of factors that go into behavior and birth order is only one of them.

Question 29

T or F Children are more impacted by their father’s unemployment than their mother’s

Answer 29

True

Question 30

T or F Children with working moms show less gender stereotyping than children with moms who do not work.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

T or F Divorce always has a negative impact on children.

Answer 31

False, proper coparenting can resolve divorce-related issues

Question 32

T or F It’s better for parents to stay together than to divorce.

Answer 32

False, it depends on the circumstances.

Question 33

What are the differences between having gay and straight parents?

Answer 33

There aren’t very many, but gay parents are better at coparenting.

Question 34

T or F Culture, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status impact children’s socioemotional development.

Answer 34

True, duh

Question 35

What are some differences between low and high-SES parent-child relationships?

Answer 35

1) low: more concern with conformity, high: more concern with developing initiative and delay of gratification 2) low: parents have authority over children, high: children are equals 3) low: likely to use physical punishment, high: less likely to use it 4) low: directive, high: conversational

Question 36

What is the purpose of play?

Answer 36

develop physical, socioemotional, and cognitive skills

Question 37

sensorimotor play

Answer 37

pleasure derived from exercising existing schemas

Question 38

practice play

Answer 38

repetition of new skills

Question 39

pretense/symbolic play

Answer 39

child transforms physical environment into a symbol

Question 40

social play

Answer 40

involves social interaction with peers

Question 41

constructive play

Answer 41

combines sensorimotor, practice, and symbolic play

Question 42

games

Answer 42

activities involving rules and often competition with others

Question 43

T or F Screentime has many negative effects on children, but it also has some positive ones.

Answer 43

True

Question 44

T or F Violent media is linked with aggression.

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Excessive screentime is linked with _______.

Answer 45

lack of sleep, aggression, passiveness with learning, obesity, lack of cognitive development