Chapter 4: Physical Development in Infancy Flashcards
Cephalocaudal pattern
developmental sequence where earliest growth occurs at the head (top-to-bottom)
Proximodistal pattern
developmental sequence which starts from the middle
What types of development follow the cephalocaudal principle?
motor development
ex. infants see before they can control their torso
What types of development follow the proximodistal pattern?
ex. infants can move their hands before individual fingers
Is growth continuous or episodic?
episodic
What does EEG stand for?
electroencephalogram
Shaken baby syndrome
- caused by shaking babies
- most often perpetrated by fathers, boyfriends of mothers, etc.
- can lead to brain swelling and hemorrhaging
fNIRS
- low level of near-infrared light
- monitors changes in blood oxygen
- portable
EEG
- measures electrical activity in brain
At birth, the newborn’s brain is about ___% of its adult weight.
25
By the 2nd birthday, the brain is about ___% of its adult weight.
75
Forebrain
- cerebral cortex, etc.
Frontal lobes
- voluntary movement
- thinking
- personality
- intentionality/purpose
Occipital lobes
vision
Temporal lobes
hearing
Parietal lobes
spatial location, attention, motor control
Lateralization
the specialization of function in one hemisphere
Myelination
the process of encasing axons in fat cells (myelin sheath)
How does a child’s environment impact their brain activity?
depraved environment > depressed brain activity
Neuroconstructivist view
biological AND environmental conditions influence brain development
brain has plasticity
brain and cognitive development are closely related
Why do we sleep?
- restoration
- protection
- critical for plasticity
Infant sleep problems
- related to prenatal and postnatal maternal depression
- affect 15-25% of infants
- linked to other parental factors