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F22 Psychology 3340H > Chapter 17: Physical Development in Late Adulthood > Flashcards

Chapter 17: Physical Development in Late Adulthood Flashcards

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1
Q

Life span

A

The max number of years an individual can live (120-125)

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2
Q

Life expectancy

A

The number of years that will probably be lived by the avg person

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3
Q

Latino Health Paradox

A

Despite having lower educational attainment and income levels, latinos have a higher life expectancy than other groups in the USA

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4
Q

Why can women expect to live longer than men?

A

Men are more likely to die from leading causes of death than women and have more unhealthy behaviors

Women (and females of virtually every species) are more resistant to infection and degenerative diseases

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5
Q

What are the leading causes of death?

A

Respiratory cancer, motor accidents, cirrhosis of the liver, emphysema

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6
Q

Among various groups, the longest average longevity in the US belongs to the _______.

A

7th Day Adventists (88 yrs)

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7
Q

Centenarians

A

People 100+ years old

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8
Q

The number of centenarians is increasing by __% each year.

A

7

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9
Q

Supercentenarians

A

People 110+

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10
Q

Compression of morbidity

A

Centenarians experience chronic high-mortality diseases much later than most people

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11
Q

What factors are associated with living to be 100?

A
  • Compression of morbidity
  • longevity genes
  • ability to cope with stress
  • no smoking habits
  • no obesity
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12
Q

Where do people live the longest?

A

Okinawa, Japan

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13
Q

When is late adulthood?

A

60-125

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14
Q

Young-old vs oldest-old

A

y-o: 60-85
o-o: 85+

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15
Q

Evolutionary theory of aging

A

Natural selection has not eliminated many harmful conditions and nonadaptive characteristics in older adults; thus, the benefits conferred by evolution decline with age because natural selection is linked to reproductive fitness

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16
Q

Cellular clock theory

A

Leonard Hayflick’s theory that the max number of times that human cells can divide is about 75 to 80; so, as we age, our cells have less capacity to divide

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17
Q

Telomerase

A

Enzyme found in cancerous cells, can extend the life of cells

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18
Q

Telomeres

A

Long telomeres are associated with longer life

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19
Q

Free-radical theory

A

People age because when cells metabolize energy, unstable oxygen molecules (free radicals) are produced and ricochet around cells, causing damage

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20
Q

Mitochondrial theory

A

Aging is caused by decay of mitochondria

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21
Q

Sirtuins

A

Family of proteins that have been proposed to have important influences on longevity, mitochondria functioning in energy, stress resistance, calorie restriction benefits, and cardiovascular functioning

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22
Q

mTOR pathway

A

Cellular pathway involving the regulation of growth & metabolism that has been proposed as a key aspect of longevity

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23
Q

Hormonal stress theory

A

Aging in hormonal system can decrease resistance to stress and increase likelihood of disease

24
Q

On average, the brain loses __ to __% of its weight between ages 20-90.

A

5, 10

25
Q

What key brain structures decrease in volume?

A

Frontal lobes, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex

26
Q

Decline in memory is linked to lower _______ volume

A

gray matter

27
Q

T or F
Adults lose their knee jerk reflex with age.

A

True

28
Q

T or F
Synaptic functioning increases in old age

A

False, decreases

29
Q

Neurogenesis

A

Generation of new neurons

30
Q

T or F
Neurogenesis still occurs in adulthood

A

True, sometimes

31
Q

Where can neurogenesis occur in human adults?

A

Hippocampus, olfactory bulb

32
Q

Can dendritic growth occur in human adults?

A

Yes

33
Q

T or F
Ability to sleep doesn’t change throughout adulthood in general.

A

False, decreases

34
Q

Sleep problems are associated with _______.

A

health problems

35
Q

What changes in physical appearance take place in late adulthood?

A

Wrinkles, age spots, sagging, weight loss, decreased height

36
Q

What changes in movement take place in late adulthood?

A

Slower movement, decreased mobility (related to obesity), risk of falling

37
Q

Changes in vision in late adulthood

A

Reduction in quality/intensity of light reaching the retina

Worsened color vision and depth perception

38
Q

T or F
Sensory decline is linked with cognitive decline

A

True

39
Q

Cataracts

A

Thickening of the nes of the eye that causes cloudy, distorted vision

40
Q

Glaucoma

A

Damage to optic nerve because of the pressure created by a buildup of fluid in the eye

41
Q

Macular degeneration

A

Disease involving deterioration of the macula of the retina which corresponds to the focal center of the visual field

42
Q

Changes in hearing in late adulthood

A

Loss of high-frequency hearing, loss of middle-frequency hearing (75+)

43
Q

Changes in smell and taste in late adulthood

A

Loss begins around 60 yrs, decline less in healthy adults

44
Q

Changes in touch and pain in late adulthood

A

Harder to detect touch in lower body extremities, persistent pain (back, joints, peripheral neuropathic pain), decreased sensitivity to pain

45
Q

A rise in blood pressure with age can be linked with _______.

A

illness, obesity, stiffening of blood vessels, stress, or lack of exercise

46
Q

T or F
Lung capacity decreases in late adulthood.

A

True

47
Q

What changes occur in sexuality in late adulthood?

A

Less frequent orgasms, more direct stimulation needed for erection, eventual decline in sexual actiity

48
Q

5 reasons older adults have sex

A
  1. maintain functioning
  2. feel young again
  3. feel attractive, desirable
  4. to go from lust to love
  5. to change from “getting sex” to “giving sex”
49
Q

_______ is the most common chronic disorder in late adulthood, followed by _______.

A

Arthritis, hyperextension

50
Q

Health causes of death in late adulthood

A

Cancer, cardiovascular disease

51
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation of joints, accompanied by pain, stiffness, and movement problems

52
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Extensive loss of bone tissue

53
Q

Late-onset alcoholism

A

Develops at 65+

54
Q

T or F
Exercise is important in late adulthood.

A

True

55
Q

4 aspects of nutrition in older adults

A
  1. getting adequate nutrition
  2. avoiding obesity
  3. deciding whether to restrict caloie intake
  4. determining whether to take specific vitamin supplements
56
Q

T or F
Nursing home and extended-care facility quality is a major concern.

A

True

57
Q

Nursing home patients improve in health when given _______.

A

options for control

F22 Psychology 3340H (18 decks)

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