Chapter 8 - Skeletal System Flashcards
Large depression
Fossa
Smaller depression
Fovea
Sulcus
Groove (tendon, nerves or blood vessel might go thru this)
A big hole
Foramen
Little holes
Foramina
Slit
Fissure
Large knob that articulates
Condyle
Smooth slightly convex or concave surface that articulates
Facet
Cranial cavity
Brain
Orbit
Eyeball
Oral cavity
Mouth
Makes your skull lighter , help warm and humidify air as your breathe, resonating chambers for your voice and thus affect tone and quality of the voice
Paranasal sinuses
Examined by forensic pathologists and anthropologists
Hypoid
Transverse Formen
Cervical vertebrae
Costal facets
Thoracic
Sacrum fusion happens between ages
16-26
Fusion of coccyx is complete between the ages
20-30
Can be broken during difficult childbirth but mostly broken by a hard fall
Coccyx
Newborns don’t have these
Curvatures
Ability to hold up head and walking forms this
Curvature
All can cause pain and problems with age
Abnormal curvatures
Abnormal curvature to either side; common in adolescent girls requiring exercises or bracing to straighten during growth
Scoliosis
Excessive curving in the upper thoracic and lower cervical vertebra to form a hunched back ; common in older women with disk degeneration from osteoporosis
Kyphosis
Common if boys or men engage in too much lifting of heavy weights or intense wrestling
Kyphosis
- Can result from arthritis, osteoporosis, muscular dystrophy, achondroplasia or extreme obesity ;
- actually does not commonly occur during pregnancy
- shows only after a child begins to walk
Lordosis
Softening of bones from lack of calcium or calcitriol
Osteomalacia
The vertebra that has a transverse foramen
Cervical
Projection or bump
Process
Large , rough projection
Trochanter
Small, rough projection
Tuberosity
Arms
Humerus,radius,ulna
Wrist
Carpals
Hand
metacarpals & phalanges
shoulder
pectoral girdle (Clavicle & Scapula)
Legs
Femur,tibia,patella
Ankles
Tarsals
Feet
Metatarsals& phalanges
Hips
Pelvic girdle
small,rounded projection
tubercule
a prominent ridge
crest
a low ridge
line
a pointed process
spine
bone slides over bone
articulation
large articular surface of long bone; expanded area of epiphysis separated from shaft of bone by a neck
head
a narrow connection between ephiphysis and diaphysis
neck
smooth,rounded articular process
condyle
smooth, grooved articular process
trochlea
smooth, flat articular surface
facet
hard smooth areas caused by creation of osteons & lamellae arranged around the osteons
compact bone
a basic unit of bone
Osteon
found under compact bone; looks like a sponge; trabeculae
Spongy bone
one little spike or branch in spongy bone
Trabecula , Plural = Trabeculae
the long part in the middle
diaphysis
the bigger parts on the ends
epiphysis
the hollow part in the center where marrow is
Medullary cavity
where is spongy bone found ?
middle of epiphyses
what color is marrow in adults ?
Yellow (Adipose)
What color is marrow in infants?
Red (Blood & Immune)
outer smooth surface of the bone formed from compact bone
Cortex
Spongy bone in the middle of these bones; Marrow will fill the spaces between the trabeculae
Diploe
around a central canal which contains blood vessels (One inside the other)
Concentric lamellae
Where osteocytes and chondrocytes are trapped inside
Lucunae
The processes extend through small tunnels through the lamellae
Canalilculi
The layer that fills in spaces between adjacent osteons and between and osteons and circumferential lamellae
Interstitial lamellae
The layer that wraps around the outside of the whole bone forming a smooth surface
Circumferential lamellae
Has a tough outer fibrous layer, but the inner layer is cells
Periosteum
Wraps around the outside of the bones
Periosteum
wraps around the the trabeculae,lines the central canal of osteons , and lines the marrow cavity inside long bones.
Endosteum
bones of the limbs (arms & legs) and their supporting elements (shoulde,clavicles, pelvic girdle, hips)
Appendicular Skeleton
The longitudinal axis of the body; skull, thoracic cage & vertebral column
Axial Skeleton
