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A&P I > Chapter 6 - The Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Contains the epidermis or superficial epithelium and dermis

A

Cutaneous membrane or skin

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2
Q

Located primary in dermis and come out through epidermis , contains hair , nails , and exocrine glands

A

Accessory structures

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3
Q

Abrasion , fluid loss , immune system , chemicals

A

Protect

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4
Q

Salts, water, organic wastes

A

Excrete

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5
Q

Cells that make keratin, a protien that makes cells harder and tougher

A

Keratinocytes

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6
Q

Maintenance of body temperature
Synthesis of vitamin d3
Storage of lipids
Sensation of touch , pressure , pain and temperature

A

Functions of skin

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7
Q

epidermal ridges begin here as interdigitations with dermal papillae

A

Stratum germinativum or stratum basale

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8
Q

Stem cells for keratinocytes are here as well as merkel cells and melanocytes
Dividing cells push other cells up through the layers to the outer stratum cornermen

A

Stratum germinativum or stratum Basele

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9
Q

Means “spiny layer”

Also contains langerhans cells (immune system)

A

Stratum spinosum

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10
Q

Means “grainy layer”
Cells produce keratin and keratohylalin ; these proteins dry and toughen the cells leading to flattening
Cells die as the move upward through this layer

A

Stratum granulosum

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11
Q

Thin layer of clear keratin packed cells found only in thick skin

A

Stratum lucidum

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12
Q

The outermost layer of dead keratinized cells and water resistant

A

Stratum cornermen

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13
Q

Deeper four-fifth of the dermis

A

Reticular layer

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14
Q

Composed of areolar tissue , one - fifth of dermis

A

Papillary layer

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15
Q

Fibrous connective tissue , blood vessels , sweat glands and hair follicles are there

A

Dermis

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16
Q

Due to epidermal pigmentation and dermal circulation

A

The color of skin

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17
Q

Most important pigment for determining skin color

A

Melanin

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18
Q

Black, brown, yellow brown protein produced in ___

A

Melanocytes

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19
Q

Genetically controlled

A

Skin color

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20
Q

A pigment of minor importance

A

Carotene

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21
Q

Found in orange colored foods and squash

A

Carotene

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22
Q

Cause orange- yellow color in light skinned person

A

Carotene

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23
Q

A blue appearance to skin or mucus membrane due to lack of oxygen ; particularly seen on lips and nails

A

Cyanosis

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24
Q

A yellow color to the skin and whites of the eyes due to inability of liver to secrete bike ; bilirubin , a yellow pigment from breakdown of RBCs , builds up the body

A

Jaundice

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25
Q

A hormone that can stimulate increased melanin production in melanocytes

A

Melanocytes stimulating hormone

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26
Q

May cause skin darling , like Addison’s disease

A

Msh producing tumors

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27
Q

A condition where individuals lose their melanocytes, depigmentation is iregular both in extent and size of light spots and how light the spots are. Genetic and is an autoimmune disease

A

Vitiligo

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28
Q

Major risk factor for skin cancer

A

uV exposure from the sun

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29
Q

A scaly area

A

Keratosis

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30
Q

Most common but least dangerous ; takes many years to metastasize

A

Basal cell carinoma

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31
Q

Fairly common in older individuals; takes many months to a few years to metastasize

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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32
Q

Least common , but extremely dangerous , takes weeks to months to metastasize

A

Malignant melanoma

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33
Q

Irregular shape to a mole

A

Asymmetry

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34
Q

Indistinct or irregular border to a mole

A

Border

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35
Q

Mixture of colors , or very dark colors , may also ooze or bleed

A

Color

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36
Q

A mole that is large than about 5mm in diameter , a little bigger than a pencil eraser

A

Diameter

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37
Q

Major cause of wrinkles

A

UV exposure

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38
Q

The active form of vitamin D3

A

Calcitriol

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39
Q

Redness from blood

A

Erythema

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40
Q

Necessary for proper nervous system development and maintenance

A

Folate

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41
Q

Areolar tissue containing capillaries , lymphatics and sensory neurons ; named for the dermal papillae , little bumps or hills that project upward between the epidermal ridges

A

Papillary layer

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42
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers , contains all the cells expected in proper connective tissue , deep to papillary layer ,

A

Reticular layer

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43
Q

2 of the biggest factors contributing to early wrinkle formation

A

UV exposure and smoking

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44
Q

A cut parallel to the direction between the fibers gap less and heal with much less scarring than a cut across fibers . Used by surgeons to help minimize healing time and scaring

A

Line of cleavage

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45
Q

The network of arteries at the border of the reticular layer and the subcutaneous layer

A

Cutaneous plexus

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46
Q

The network of arteries in the papillary layer

A

Papillary plexus

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47
Q

Also known as the subcutaneous layer

A

Hypodermis

48
Q

Areolar and adipose tissue and quite elastic

A

Subcutaneous layer

49
Q

Many veins here will construct to return blood to circulation if needed , acts as a reservoir

A

Subcutaneous layer

50
Q

Fat layer acts as insulation , shock absorber and energy reservoir

A

Subcutaneous layer

51
Q

Known as epidermal derivatives

A

Accessory structures

52
Q

It’s dead , keratinized epithelial cells and are divided into the root and shaft

A

Hair

53
Q

Below the skin surface , anchors hair into skin , includes bulb and papilla

A

Root

54
Q

Is at the base of the root , wrapped around the papilla

A

Bulb

55
Q

The cells that actually divide to form the hair , also part of the bulb

A

Matrix

56
Q

The area of containing capillaries and nerves that protrudes up into the root just beanbags the matrix

A

Papillary

57
Q

From the root to the top of the hair

A

Shaft

58
Q

The center of the shaft

A

Medulla

59
Q

Around the medulla of the hair shaft

A

Cortex

60
Q

Wrapped around the cortex of the shaft

A

Cuticle

61
Q

Hair on a fetus , unpigmented and very fine

A

Lanugo

62
Q

Fine, unpigmented hair “peach fuzz” on most areas of body surface

A

Vellus hairs

63
Q

Heavier , more pigmented hairs

A

Terminal hairs

64
Q

These secrete lipids into hair follicles

A

Sebaceous glands or oil glands

65
Q

Secretion from oil glands , inhibits some bacterial growth and protects the hair shaft as well as conditioning the surrounding skin ; exhibits Holocene secretion

A

Sebum

66
Q

Glands secrete directly onto the skin

A

Sebaceous follicles

67
Q

secrete in a Merocrine fashion , stinky sweat glands , secretion is sticky and cloudy

A

Apoceine sweat glands

68
Q

A combination of merocrine and apocrine secretion

A

Mammary glands

69
Q

Modified sweat glands in the ear that resemble apocrine sweat glands

A

Ceremonious glands

70
Q

Sebaceous glands secretion and dead cells , also known as earwax

A

Cerumen

71
Q

Main potion of visible nail

A

Nail body

72
Q

The part you would normally trim

A

Free edge

73
Q

Moon shaped crescent where the nail meets the cuticle

A

Lunula

74
Q

Another name for cuticle

A

Eponychium

75
Q

An epidermal fold deep to the skin , near the bone , where the nail is actually produced by dividing cells

A

Nail root

76
Q

Area of stem cells that actually produce the nail

A

Nail matrix

77
Q

Cells that divide to regenerate both the dermis and epidermis

A

Stem cells

78
Q

Bleeding occurs and immune system cells migrate into injured tissue during ___

A

Inflammation

79
Q

Formed from a protein called fibrin

A

Scab

80
Q

Cells that migrate along the edges of the wound

A

Stratum germinativum

81
Q

Moved into the injured area

A

Fibroblasts and macrophages

82
Q

Forms the red to dark pink stuff under a scab

A

Granulation tissue , a combination of fibrin , fibroblasts and re growing capillaries

83
Q

Has high density of collage fibers and few blood vessels forming a very fibrous tissue

A

Scar tissue

84
Q

Bleeding occurs

A

Step 1.

85
Q

Scab is formed

A

Step 2.

86
Q

Scab begins the dissolve as fibroblast activity leads the appearance of collagen fibers and ground substance

A

Step 3.

87
Q

Scar tissue forms in dermis

A

Step 4.

88
Q

An area of excessive scarring resulting in an area of raised tissue ; the area of this is often greater than the size of the initial wound

A

Keloid

89
Q

Redness; Damaged to epidermis only

A

1st degree burn

90
Q

Blistering , damage to epidermis and Demi’s

A

Second degree burn

91
Q

The skin is gone , epidermis and all of the dermis is gone and damage frequently extends to the hypodermics

A

Third degree burn

92
Q

First and second degree burns are this

A

Partial thickness burns

93
Q

Third degree burns are this

A

Full thickness burns

94
Q

Used when estimating extent of a persons body converted by burns .

A

Rule of nines

95
Q

For adults arm is __%

A

9%

96
Q

Each leg is about __%

2x9

A

18%

97
Q

The head is about __%

A

9%

98
Q

The trunk is about __%

4x9

A

36%

99
Q

Red/pink melanin

A

Phenomelanin

100
Q

Brown and black melanin

A

Eumelanin

101
Q

Very little or no melanin

A

Albinism

102
Q

Round hair shaft

A

Straight hair

103
Q

Oval shaped shaft

A

Wavy hair

104
Q

Ribbon like shaft

A

Curly hair

105
Q

Hair grows ___years

A

6-8 years

106
Q

You lose ___ hairs a day

A

50-100

107
Q

Technical term for balding , terminal hairs get converted into vellus hair

A

Alopecia

108
Q

X-linked recessive gene and expose to testosterone

A

Male pattern baldness

109
Q

Excessive or undesirable hair growth

A

Hirsutism

110
Q

Hirsutism due to high testosterone levels

A

Polycystic ovarian

111
Q

Inflammation of the sebaceous glands

A

Acne

112
Q

Inflammation of skin , itching , redness , like poison ivy

A

Dermatitis

113
Q

Itchy , red skin lesions , caused by allergy , starts around age 5.

A

Eczema

114
Q

Red rash like area , nose / cheeks , dilated blood vessels

A

Rosacea

115
Q

Patchy scaly white/ yellow inflammation , cradle cap

A

Seborrheic

116
Q

Any fungal infection of skin, moist area

A

Tinea

A&P I (16 decks)

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