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A&P I > Chapter 1 - Intro To A&P > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Intro To A&P Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Organism
  2. System
  3. Organ
  4. Tissue
  5. Cell
  6. Organelle
  7. Macromolecules
  8. Molecules
  9. Atom
A

Hierarchy of complexity

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2
Q

What things look like , identified and named

A

Anatomy

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3
Q

How things look like, identified, and named

A

Anatomy

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4
Q

Surface, gross, histology, cellular, and monocular

A

Different levels of Anatomy

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5
Q

How living things function and work

A

Physiology

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6
Q

Organismal, systematic, cellular, molecular, pathophysiological

A

Different types/levels of Physiology

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7
Q

The maintenance of balance within the body and between the body and the environment

A

Homeostasis

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8
Q

A guiding principle in our understanding of Physiology

A

Homeostasis

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9
Q

accomplished through regulation of physiological variables

A

Homeostasis

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10
Q

Auto-regulation and Extrinsic regulation

A

Types of Homeostasis

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11
Q

Intrinsic and occurs within a cell, tissue, or organ.

A

Auto-regulation

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12
Q

Regulated by one of the 2 major control systems in the body , the nervous system or the endocrine system. Send signals to cells, tissues, or organs via nerves or hormones to change the activity of that cell of tissue.

A

Extrinsic regulation

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13
Q

Most homeostasis is maintained via ______

A

Negative Feedback

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14
Q

Negative and Positive

A

Types of Feedback

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15
Q

Achieved through feedback mechanisms

A

Homeostasis

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16
Q
  • Causes change opposite to the stimulation that was detected by sensory structures. I.e. an increase above desired level triggers mechanisms to decrease the level ,vise versa.
  • Maintains a physiological variable within acceptable limits by generating an oscillating pattern around the set point when changes are graphed over time
    (UP and DOWN, HIGH and LOWS)
A

Negative Feedback

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17
Q
  • Causes change similar to the stimulus that activated the systems leads to continuous escalation or continuous decrease until the system reaches a crashing point
  • See in developmental changes (eg. Ovulation)
  • Response to dangerous or stressful situations
A

Positive Feedback

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18
Q

Energy flows

A

Gradients

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19
Q

Doesn’t need any added energy to make it happen

A

Down gradients

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20
Q

Requiring energy input to make it happen

A

Up gradients

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21
Q

A position used to define directional terms in human anatomy

A

Anatomical position

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22
Q

Vertical and symmetrical plane, divides the body into right and left section

A

Sagittal plane

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23
Q

Vertical plane that divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections.

A

Frontal plane

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24
Q

Horizontal plane that divides the body into lower (inferior) and upper (superior) sections

A

Transverse plane

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25
Q

Towards the front or belly

A

Ventral

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26
Q

Towards the back or spine

A

Dorsal

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27
Q

Towards the ventral side (front)

A

Anterior

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28
Q

Towards the dorsal side (back)

A

Posterior

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29
Q

Towards the head or superior end

A

Cephalic

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30
Q

Towards the forehead or nose

A

Rostral

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31
Q

Towards the tail or inferior end

A

Caudal

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32
Q

Above

A

Superior

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33
Q

Below

A

Inferior

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34
Q

Towards the median plane

A

Medial

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35
Q

Away from the median plane

A

Lateral

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36
Q

Closer to the point of attachment or origin

A

Proximal

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37
Q

Father from the point of attachment or origin

A

Distal

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38
Q

On the same side of the body

A

Ipsilateral

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39
Q

On opposite sides of the body

A

Contralateral

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40
Q

Closer to the body surface

A

Superficial

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41
Q

Farther from the body surface

A

Deep

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42
Q

Cephalic (Ventral)

A

Head

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43
Q

Facial

A

Face

44
Q

Cervical

A

Neck

45
Q

Thoracic

  • Sternal
  • Pectoral
A

Chest

46
Q

Umbilical

A

Bellybutton

47
Q

Abdominal

A

Stomach

48
Q

Inguinal

-Pubic (mons pubis)

A

Groin

49
Q

External Genitalia for men

A
  • Penis
  • Testes
  • Scrotum
50
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

51
Q

Crural

A

Leg

52
Q

Tarsal

A

Ankle

53
Q

Pedal

-Dorsum

A

Foot

54
Q

Plantar surface

A

Sole of foot

55
Q

Cranial (Dorsal)

A

Head

56
Q

Nuchal

A

Back of neck

57
Q

Interscapular

A

Between the shoulder blades

58
Q

Scapular

A

Shoulder blade

59
Q

Vertebral

A

Spine

60
Q

Lumbar

A

Between the lowest ribs and the hips

61
Q

Sacral (Sacrum)

A

By the triangle bone by the part of the back, base of the spine

62
Q

Gluteal

A

Butt

63
Q

Dorsum of hand

A

Back of hand

64
Q

Perineal

A

the area between the anus and the scrotum or vulva

65
Q

Femoral (Femur)

A

Thigh or upper hind limb

66
Q

Popliteal

A

Back of knee

67
Q

Calcaneal

A

Heel

68
Q

Top right and left region

A

Hypochondriac region

69
Q

Middle right and left abdominal region

A

Lateral abdominal region

70
Q

Lower right and left hip region

A

Inguinal region

71
Q

First horizontal line above the Epigastric and umbilical region

A

Subcostal line

72
Q

Second horizontal line above the hip bones

A

Intertubercular line

73
Q

2 vertical lines under the nipples

A

Midclavicular lines

74
Q

Top center region

A

Epigastric region

75
Q

Middle center region

A

Umbilical region

76
Q

Lower center region

A

Hypogastric region

77
Q

Contains the brain

A

Cranial cavity

78
Q

Contains the spinal cord

A

Vertebral canal

79
Q

Chest cavity

A

Thoracic cavity

80
Q

inferior to the thoracic cavity and superior to the abdominal cavity

A

Diaphragm

81
Q

inferior of the diaphragm and superior to the pelvic cavity . Contains the Digestive organs , spleen, and kidneys

A

Abdominal cavity

82
Q

Contains the reproductive organs , rectum and the bladder

A

Pelvic cavity

83
Q

Contains the lungs

A

Pleural cavity

84
Q

Central area of the Thoracic cavity

A

Mediastinum

85
Q

Contains the heart

A

Pericardial cavity

86
Q

Membrane lining of the cranial cavity and the vertebral canal

A

Meninges

87
Q

Membrane lining of lungs

A

Pleurae

88
Q

Membrane lining of the heart

A

Pericardium

89
Q

Membrane lining of the Abdominal cavity

A

Peritoneum

90
Q

Covers the outside of the organs (Inside)

A

Visceral

91
Q

Lines the wall of the cavity (Outside)

A

Parietal

92
Q

Acromial

A

Shoulder

93
Q

Axillary

A

Armpit

94
Q

Brachial

A

Arm

95
Q

Cubital

A

Elbow

96
Q

Antebrachial

A

Forearm

97
Q

Carpal

A

Wrist

98
Q

Palmar

A

Palm

99
Q

Coxal

A

Hip

100
Q

Patellar

A

Knee

101
Q

Pedal dorsum

A

Foot

102
Q

What region is liver and gallbladder ?

A

Epigastric region

103
Q

What region is the 10th rib in ?

A

Hypochondriac region

104
Q

What region is the small intestine located?

A

Umbilical region

105
Q

What region is the large intestine located ?

A

Lumbar region

106
Q

What region is the urinary bladder and the urethra located ?

A

Hypo gastric region

A&P I (16 decks)

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