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A&P I > Chapter 14- Brain and cranial nerves > Flashcards

Chapter 14- Brain and cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

gyrus =

A

ridges

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2
Q

sulcus =

A

folds

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3
Q

fissure =

A

big divison

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4
Q

the hypothalamus and the thalamus comprise of the

A

diencephalon

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5
Q

midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata comprise the

A

brainstem

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6
Q 
Cerebral Hemispheres
• Cortex (gray matter &
white matter)
• Frontal, parietal, temporal,
occipital lobes
• Basal ganglia
A

Cerebrum

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7
Q

dura mater =

A

superficial

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8
Q

pia mater=

A

bound tightly to brain

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9
Q

filled with serous fluid or a sinus for blood;

between dura mater and arachnoid mater

A

subdural space

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10
Q

filled with CSF; between arachnoid

mater and pia mater

A

subarchanoid mater

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11
Q

The brain, in fact, is

floating within the skull, and is cushioned & protected by

A

cerebrospinal fluid

CSF

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12
Q

CSF is formed by the

A

ependymal

cells,

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13
Q

majority of the CSF is made by the ____ located in the ventricles

A

choroid plexus

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14
Q

Motor patterns,

personality, motivation

A

frontal lobe

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15
Q

– Pre-central gyrus =

A

primary motor cortex

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16
Q

– Touch

& proprioception

A

parietal lobe

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17
Q

post central gyrus

A

primary somatosensory cortex

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18
Q

– Hearing,

gravity, acceleratio

A

temporal lobe

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19
Q

Vision

A

occipital lobe

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20
Q

a thin layer of

gray matter at the surface of the cerebrum.

A

cortex

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21
Q

motor control and higher thought

A

•Anterior to central sulcus

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22
Q

– sensory processing

A

Posterior to central sulcus –

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23
Q

initiative, conscience, morality, judgment,

speech, motor control

A

•Frontal lobe

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24
Q

The gyrus on the medial surface of each
hemisphere that is
immediately superior to the corpus callosum. This actually lies
deep within the longitudinal fissure.

A

•Cingulate Gyrus

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25
Q

somatomotor signals sent to spinal cord (in the frontal lobe)

A

•Precentral gyrus –

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26
Q

– somatosensory is located in what lobe

A

parietal

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27
Q

vison is located in what lobe

A

occipital lobe

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28
Q

taste, integrating visceral sensory information; may aid in understanding spoken language; this lobe is deep to the lateral sulcus and underneath part of the frontal and parietal lobes

A

insala

29
Q

Most of the incoming or
outgoing connections of cortex to other brain areas occur in
layers

A

III OR IV

30
Q

the basis for the division of areas of cortex into numbered parts
called

A

Brodmann areas.

31
Q

A figure that shows the areas of the body that
particular parts of the gyrus receive input from, and also
indicates the amount of cortex devoted to that area with
proportional sizing of the body part, is called a

A

homunculus

32
Q

What primary cortex has information from the skin and body

comes through the thalamus to the postcentral gyrus

A

Somatoensory

33
Q

The initiation of speech occurs in

A

Broca’s area

34
Q

Understanding spoken

language occurs in

A

Wernicke’s area

35
Q

. Understanding written language requires

A

Wernicke’s
area, visual cortex (both primary and association), and an
intersection area in a region known as the angular gyrus.

36
Q

Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas will be

located only in the ___ hemisphere

A

left

37
Q

These connect primary cortex (sensory or
motor) to the memories needed for that sense (vision,
hearing, language) or for that motor activity (motor patterns
for motor memory aka muscle memory

A

association tracts.

38
Q

It projects through most of the
cortex and helps to regulate the general state of arousal and
attention in the brain

A

reticular activating

system (RAS) in the brainstem.

39
Q

a
functional designation. It consists of several different
anatomical areas of the brain including parts of the thalamus
and hypothalamus.

A

the limbic system

40
Q

is involved in learning & memory and emotions. It has

close ties with the olfactory system.

A

The limbic

system

41
Q

These nuclei are involved
in control of motor functions. these nuclei will relay
and “fine-tune” some of the motor outputs from the primary
motor cortex. Parkinson’s disease

A

The Basal Nuclei.

42
Q

“routing” or relay station for
sensory information coming into the cerebrum and going to
the cortex.

A

thalamus

43
Q

regulates reproduction (physiology &
libido), activity/rest, sleep/wake, thirst/hydration,
satiety/hunger, stress perception and response, salt craving,
and body temperature. also a key component of the
system of the brain that regulates emotion, and emotional
memory.

A

hypothalmus

44
Q

may
influence sleep-wake
cycle

A

• Epithalamus (aka

pineal gland)

45
Q

Integral part of auditory pathways in CNS
– Reticular activating system (RAS) origin (alertness)
– Motor coordination
– Reward and addiction

A

Midbrain

46
Q

– Sleep and respiratory center

A

Pons

47
Q

– Regulates: Heart rate, blood vessel diameter,
respiration, swallowing, vomiting, hiccupping,
coughing, sneezing, sweating (ANS output)
– Decussations: pyramids, medial lemniscus

A

Medulla oblongata or medulla

48
Q

responsible for
balance and posture, some types of memory, locomotion, attention &
memory

A

Cerebellum

49
Q

is a
characteristic brain EEG pattern associated with some loss of
consciousness

A

sleep

50
Q

events, poems,
etc. (what you normally think of as
memory)

A

Declarative or Explicit

51
Q

memory of how

to do things, e.g. ride a bike

A

Procedural or Implicit

52
Q

is critical for forming

new declarative memories.

A

hippocampus

53
Q

– inability to form

new memory

A

Anterograde amnesia

54
Q

inability to recall old

memories

A

Retrograde amnesia –

55
Q

helps
strengthen the “map” to where an individual memory is
stored.

A

Accessing memories (thinking about it)

56
Q

are stored in the

hippocampus and other temporal lobe structures.

A

short-term memories

57
Q

stored in many diffuse locations in

association cortex.

A

longterm

memories

58
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve I

A

Sensory and smell

59
Q

cranial nerve II

A

Sensory and vision

60
Q

cranial nerve III

A

Motor and eye muscles

61
Q

Cranial nerve IV

A

Motor and eye muscles

62
Q

Cranial nerve V

A

Both and face and chewing muscles

63
Q

cranial nerves VI

A

motor and eye muscles( lateral rectus)

64
Q

cranial nerve VII

A

both and taste and facial muscles

65
Q

cranial nerve VIII

A

sensory and hearing and balance

66
Q

cranial nerve IX

A

both and taste and tongue sensation/swallowing

67
Q

cranial nerve X

A

both and visceral sensory and parasympathetic output

68
Q

cranial nerve XII

A

motor and swallowing / neck and shoulders

69
Q

cranial nerve XII

A

motor and tongue movement

A&P I (16 decks)

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