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HLST124: Microbiology > Chapter 8: Microbial Genetics > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Microbial Genetics Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Genetics

A

the study of what genes are; how they carry information, how information is expressed, and how genes are replicated

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2
Q

Gene

A

a segment of DNA that encodes a functional product; usually a protein

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3
Q

Genome

A

the entire genetic complement of an organism ; includes its genes and nucleotide sequence

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4
Q

DNA is a ________

A

polyneucleotide

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5
Q

in DNA A pairs with

A

T

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6
Q

in DNA G pairs with

A

C

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7
Q

DNA has an ___________ nature

A

antiparellel nature

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8
Q

the antiparallel structure provides what to DNA

A

stability

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9
Q

leading strand

A

5’ –> 3’
- DNA polymerase picks up new neucleotides from cytoplasm, proof reads, and attatched complemetary based, making a new strand

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10
Q

lagging strand

A

3’ –> 5’
- DNA polymerase cannot identify because it is upside down, so enzyme RNA polymerase forms a short strand of RNA primer, now DNA polymerase can read strand and adds new neucleotides by removing RNA primer and RNA polymerase, DNA polymerase make fragments

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11
Q

in seniconsevative replication what enzyme unzips/ unwinds DNA

A

DNA helicase

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12
Q

in the second step of semiconservative replication, what enzyme stabilizes / relieves tension on the unziped DNA

A

DNA gyrase

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13
Q

what is the third step in seniconservative replication

A

forms replication fork

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14
Q

what enzyme is used to proof read the leading strand

A

DNA polymerase

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15
Q

DNA polmerase

A
  • proof reads
  • in leading strand
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16
Q

what enzyme is used in the lagging strand to produce an RNA primer

A

RNA polymerase

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17
Q

what enzyme is used in the lagging strand to add new neucleotides

A

DNA polymerase

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18
Q

what are the short fragments called after the lagging strand digests RNA primer

A

okazki fragments

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19
Q

what are the three enzymes used in the the semiconservative replication of the lagging strand

A
  1. RNA polymerase
    2, DNA polymerase
  2. DNA ligase
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19
Q

transcription is the _______ of DNA

A

copying

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19
Q

transcription is a prokaryote cell occurs in the

A

cytoplasm

20
Q

transcription in a Eukaryote cell occurs in the

A

nucleus

21
Q

in a Eukaryote cell the transcribed RNA leaves the nucleus through

A

the nucleuar pore

22
Q

RNA is _______ stranded

A

single

23
Q

what enzyme preforms transcription

A

DNA polymerase

24
Q

RNA splicing

A

the interon is cut out of the RNA leaving just exons

25
Q

Transcription is the __________ ofthe transcribed DNA

A

decoding

26
Q

mRNA is used to make

A

vaccines

27
Q

tRNA is also known as the

A

“box car”

28
Q

mRNA involves a

A

condon

29
Q

tRNA involves an

A

anticodon

30
Q

rRNA produces

A

peptide bonds / proteins

31
Q

what is the start signal

A

AUG

32
Q

what is the complimentary anticodon to the start codon

A

UAC
- methionaine

33
Q

what are the three stop codons

A

UAG
UGA
UAA

34
Q

how many universal amino acids are there

A

20 `

35
Q

what does semiconsevative replication mean

A
  • new strand composed of one original strand and one daughter strand
36
Q

the key to replication is the ________ ________ of two strands

A

complimentary structure

37
Q

DNA replication requires

A
  • neucleotides
  • energy (ATP)
38
Q

leading strand synthesized

A

continously

39
Q

lagging strand synthesized

A

discontinously

40
Q

transcription definition

A
  • information in DNA is copied as RNA neucleotide sequences
41
Q

translation defintion

A

polypeptide synthesized by RNA nuecleotide sequences of
- RNA translated to form polypeptides

42
Q

antiparallel nature

A

one stand of double helix is upside down relative to the other

43
Q

helicase

A

unwinds

44
Q

gyrase

A
  • keeps unwinded, forms replication fork
  • stabilizes
45
Q

DNA polymerase

A
  • proof reader and adds complimetary bases
  • only make fragments
46
Q

RNA polymerase

A

adds primer

47
Q

RNA primer

A

DNA polymerase can now read

48
Q

mRNA role in translation

A
  • carries code/lanuage, cope of one strand of DNA, formed in triplet seguences called codons
49
Q

rRNA

A

forms ribosomal unit where decoding happens

50
Q

DNA ligase

A

fills fragments

HLST124: Microbiology (18 decks)

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