Chapter 22: Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System Flashcards
Process of meningitis infection
- fever/headache
- nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- stiff neck or kernigs signs (stiffness of hamstrings)
- convulsions and coma
- death of patient
how do you diagnosis meningitis
- spinal tap (sample of CSF)
- gram stain
- culture:CSF (careful storage and time
- serology (example:stains)
treatment of meningitis
- 3rd gen of cephalosporins
what are the causes of meningitis
- hemophilus influenza
- nesseria menigitis
- streptococcuus pneumoniae
- E. coli
Hemophilus influenza
- strains a-f
- strain b causes 95% (treatment: HIB vaccine)
- blood loving “chocolate agar”
- missing ETC components (co-enzyme NAD; cytochrome components)
- contains capsule
- aerobic
Nesseria meningitis is called
melengio cocccal menigitis
Nesseria meningitis
- strains A, B, C, W15, 4
- diplicocci
- aerobic
- capsule
Nesseria meningitis strain C
- fast progression causes death in 24 hours
- children under 2 years, collage students
- 10% are healthy nasopharengela carriers
Nesseria meningitis symptoms
-throbbing headaches
- sore throat
- necrosis/ amputation (purple rash = petechiae)
- deafness (auditory nerve)
- paralysis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
- affects children/elderly
- entry: pneumonia, otitis medius, surgery, head/neck trauma (subarchanoid space)
- 90 strains (only 20 have vaccines)
- EXCEPTION: dipliococci
- capsule
- aerotolerant
aerotolerant
- tolerate O2; choose not to use it
- obligate fermentators
Listeria monocytogenes
- psychotropic organism (spread through food, soft cheese, cold cut, salad)
- grows in monocytes (decreases immune system)
- fac. anaerobic
E. coli
- demographics:newborn (spread from mother when passing through the birth canal)
- lab pet
- agencies “coliform bacteria”
- facultatively anaerobic
- enteric
- flagella (peri)
- pilus
- produce bacterialocin
Tetnus
- caused by clostridium tetni
- produce exotoxin: tetnosporin (classic A+B)
tetnosporin
classic A+B exotoxin
- attacks neuromuscular junction
- blocks relaxation
- blocks GABA (causes spasms: lock jaw)
Clostridium tetni
- lolipop rods (endospores)
- anaerobic
- abundant in the soil
- causes tetnus
Botulism symptoms
- dry mouth
- abdominal cramps
- nausea
- diarrhea / constipation (in young)
- vision; pupils
Botulism
- exotoxin (classic A+B)
- spread through canned food (EXCEPTION: tomatoes)
- stains: A,B,E,F
Botulism exotoxin
- bocks Acytocholine at the neuromuscular junction
- inhibits muscle tone
- flaccid paralysis
Leprosy is also called
hansens disease
Leprosy is caused by
Mycobacterim leprae
Mycobacterium Leprae
- contains mycolic acid
- identified by using acid fast stain
- aerobic;rod
Acid fast stain process
- used to identify mycobacterium species
Primary stain: Carbofusion - positive: red
- negative: red
Decolorizing agent: acid alcohol - positive:red
- negative:colorless
Counterstain: methyene blue - postive: red
- negative: blue
Leprosy transmission
prolonged contact with infected person
Leprosy treatment
- dapsone
- ramfin
- clofazimine
- used in combination
what are the two types of leprosy
- paucibacillary / neural
- multibacillary / progressive
Tuberculoid (paucibacillary / neural) form
- loss of sensation in the skin and areas
- Treatment:self mediated immunity
Lepromatous (Multibacilary / progressive) form
- disfiguring nodules over the body
- occurs when cell mediated immunity has failed
symptoms of progressie leprosy
- nose / exudate
- face (lion face apperane)
- claw shapped / deformed fingures
- loss of fingers
Polio is casued by
a virus
how does poliomyelitis enter the body
fecal / oral route
symptoms of polio
throat / intestine –> enters blood –>
- effective cell mediated immunity: trasient viremia
- Ineffective cell mediated immunity (<1%)
- persistant
- enters neurons
- grows
- paralysis
Poliomyelitis treatment
Vaccine
- Saik and Sabin vaccine
- (1954) Inactivated polio vaccine –> need boosters
- (1963) Oral polio vaccine
