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HLST124: Microbiology > Chapter 22: Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 22: Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Process of meningitis infection

A
  1. fever/headache
  2. nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
  3. stiff neck or kernigs signs (stiffness of hamstrings)
  4. convulsions and coma
  5. death of patient
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2
Q

how do you diagnosis meningitis

A
  • spinal tap (sample of CSF)
    - gram stain
    - culture:CSF (careful storage and time
    - serology (example:stains)
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3
Q

treatment of meningitis

A
  • 3rd gen of cephalosporins
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4
Q

what are the causes of meningitis

A
  • hemophilus influenza
  • nesseria menigitis
  • streptococcuus pneumoniae
  • E. coli
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5
Q

Hemophilus influenza

A
  • strains a-f
  • strain b causes 95% (treatment: HIB vaccine)
  • blood loving “chocolate agar”
  • missing ETC components (co-enzyme NAD; cytochrome components)
  • contains capsule
  • aerobic
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6
Q

Nesseria meningitis is called

A

melengio cocccal menigitis

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7
Q

Nesseria meningitis

A
  • strains A, B, C, W15, 4
  • diplicocci
  • aerobic
  • capsule
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8
Q

Nesseria meningitis strain C

A
  • fast progression causes death in 24 hours
  • children under 2 years, collage students
  • 10% are healthy nasopharengela carriers
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9
Q

Nesseria meningitis symptoms

A

-throbbing headaches
- sore throat
- necrosis/ amputation (purple rash = petechiae)
- deafness (auditory nerve)
- paralysis

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10
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A
  • affects children/elderly
  • entry: pneumonia, otitis medius, surgery, head/neck trauma (subarchanoid space)
  • 90 strains (only 20 have vaccines)
  • EXCEPTION: dipliococci
  • capsule
  • aerotolerant
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11
Q

aerotolerant

A
  • tolerate O2; choose not to use it
  • obligate fermentators
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12
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A
  • psychotropic organism (spread through food, soft cheese, cold cut, salad)
  • grows in monocytes (decreases immune system)
  • fac. anaerobic
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13
Q

E. coli

A
  • demographics:newborn (spread from mother when passing through the birth canal)
  • lab pet
  • agencies “coliform bacteria”
  • facultatively anaerobic
  • enteric
  • flagella (peri)
  • pilus
  • produce bacterialocin
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14
Q

Tetnus

A
  • caused by clostridium tetni
  • produce exotoxin: tetnosporin (classic A+B)
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15
Q

tetnosporin

A

classic A+B exotoxin
- attacks neuromuscular junction
- blocks relaxation
- blocks GABA (causes spasms: lock jaw)

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16
Q

Clostridium tetni

A
  • lolipop rods (endospores)
  • anaerobic
  • abundant in the soil
  • causes tetnus
17
Q

Botulism symptoms

A
  • dry mouth
  • abdominal cramps
  • nausea
  • diarrhea / constipation (in young)
  • vision; pupils
18
Q

Botulism

A
  • exotoxin (classic A+B)
  • spread through canned food (EXCEPTION: tomatoes)
  • stains: A,B,E,F
19
Q

Botulism exotoxin

A
  • bocks Acytocholine at the neuromuscular junction
  • inhibits muscle tone
  • flaccid paralysis
20
Q

Leprosy is also called

A

hansens disease

21
Q

Leprosy is caused by

A

Mycobacterim leprae

22
Q

Mycobacterium Leprae

A
  • contains mycolic acid
  • identified by using acid fast stain
  • aerobic;rod
23
Q

Acid fast stain process

A
  • used to identify mycobacterium species
    Primary stain: Carbofusion
  • positive: red
  • negative: red
    Decolorizing agent: acid alcohol
  • positive:red
  • negative:colorless
    Counterstain: methyene blue
  • postive: red
  • negative: blue
24
Q

Leprosy transmission

A

prolonged contact with infected person

25
Q

Leprosy treatment

A
  • dapsone
  • ramfin
  • clofazimine
  • used in combination
26
Q

what are the two types of leprosy

A
  • paucibacillary / neural
  • multibacillary / progressive
27
Q

Tuberculoid (paucibacillary / neural) form

A
  • loss of sensation in the skin and areas
  • Treatment:self mediated immunity
28
Q

Lepromatous (Multibacilary / progressive) form

A
  • disfiguring nodules over the body
  • occurs when cell mediated immunity has failed
29
Q

symptoms of progressie leprosy

A
  • nose / exudate
  • face (lion face apperane)
  • claw shapped / deformed fingures
  • loss of fingers
30
Q

Polio is casued by

A

a virus

31
Q

how does poliomyelitis enter the body

A

fecal / oral route

32
Q

symptoms of polio

A

throat / intestine –> enters blood –>

  1. effective cell mediated immunity: trasient viremia
  2. Ineffective cell mediated immunity (<1%)
    - persistant
    - enters neurons
    - grows
    - paralysis
33
Q

Poliomyelitis treatment

A

Vaccine
- Saik and Sabin vaccine
- (1954) Inactivated polio vaccine –> need boosters
- (1963) Oral polio vaccine

HLST124: Microbiology (18 decks)

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