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HLST124: Microbiology > Chapter 24: Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory Tract > Flashcards

Chapter 24: Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory Tract Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Strep throat is caused by

A

group A Streptococcus pyogenes

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2
Q

streptokinases

A

lyse clots

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3
Q

streptolysins

A

are cytotoxic

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4
Q

symptoms of strep throat

A
  • local inflammation
  • fever?
  • tonsillitis
  • enlarged lymph nodes
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5
Q

how is strep throat diagnosed

A
  • uses blood agar
  • throat swab with exudate
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6
Q

Scarlet fever is caused by

A

s. pyogenes

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7
Q

symptoms of scarlet fever

A
  • fever
  • skin rash (pinkish red)
  • cheeks
  • inflammation / redness of the tongue
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8
Q

scarlet fever exotoxin

A

eryhtrogenic

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9
Q

scarlet fever is caused by

A

B hemolytic steptococci or s. pyogenes

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10
Q

scarlet fever is also known as

A

the sequel to step throat

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11
Q

what is otitis media

A
  • infection of the middle ear
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12
Q

what is the entry of otitis media

A
  • nasopharyngeal or contaminated water
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13
Q

what are the symptoms of otitis media

A
  • pus
  • vomiting
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14
Q

what are the causes of otitis media

A
  • S. pneumoniae (most common)
  • Hemophilus influenza
  • Moraella sp.
  • s. pyogenes
  • virus
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15
Q

what is the treatment for otitis media

A

semi-synthetic penicillins (amoxicillin)

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16
Q

Diptheria is caused by

A

Corynebacterium diptheriae

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17
Q

Diptheria exotoxin

A

Clasic A+B
- shuts down synthesis –> causes symptoms –> formation of a pseudomembrane

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18
Q

what are the symptoms in phase 1 diphtheria

A
  • mild fever
  • sore throat
  • fatigue
  • dramatic swelling of the neck
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19
Q

what are the symptoms phase 2 diphtheria

A
  • oozing of fluid
  • thickens
  • forms a pseudomembrane (can be surgically removed) –> grayish membrane in the throat
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20
Q

what are the symptoms in stage 3 diphtheria

A
  • pseudomembrane occludes membrane
  • suffocation
    -death
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21
Q

where is the cutaneous form of diphteria found in

A

the homeless population

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22
Q

cutaneuos form of diphtheria

A
  • septicemia
  • forms skin ulcers
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23
Q

what is the treatment for diptheria

A

DTap vaccine

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24
Q

Pertussis is also known as

A

whooping cough

25
Q

how do you treat whooping cough

A

DTap vaccine
- acellular = boosters required

26
Q

what is pertussis caused by

A

Bordetella pertussis

27
Q

Bordetella pertussis

A
  • capsule
  • tracheal exotoxin (produces mucus)
28
Q

what are stage 1 / Catarrhal pertussis symptoms

A
  • fever
  • conjectivitis
  • looks like the common cold
29
Q

what are stage 2/ paroxysmal pertussis symptoms

A
  • coughing (broken ribs, bloodshot eyes, small hemoorages in the brain)
  • sezuires / epilepsy
30
Q

what are the stage 3/ convalescence pertussis symptoms

A
  • can last weeks / months
31
Q

what are the causes pneumonia

A

streptococcus pneumonia

32
Q

what does pneumonia effect

A

the susptiable population
- COPD patients
- diabetes
- kidney disease
- smoking

33
Q

Symtoms of Pneumonia

A
  • high fever (39-40)
  • breathing difficulty
  • chest pain
  • rust colored sputum
34
Q

Atypical pneumonia cause

A

virus, fungi, protozoa

35
Q

symptoms of atypical pneumonia

A
  • slower onset
  • less fever
  • less chest pain
36
Q

bacterial causes of atypical pneumoniae

A
  • mycoplsmazma pneumonia
  • hemphilis influenza
  • legionella pneumophillia
  • coxilla burnetti
37
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A
  • no cell wall
  • “fried egg colonies”
38
Q

legionella pneumophilia

A

legionnaries Disease
- grows in water
- transmitted by inhaling aerosols; not transmitted person to person
- Treatment: azithromycin and macrolides
- Symptoms: high fever and cough

39
Q

Coxiella burnetii

A
  • obligate parasite, only gram negative organism that produces endospores
  • Acute / chronic fever
  • transmitted from animals
  • treatment: doxyxxline/tetracycline
40
Q

Viral causes of atypical pneumonia

A
  • respiratory syncytial virus (Houdini virus)
  • influenza (flu)
41
Q

respitory syncytial virus

A
  • causes fusion of lung cells
  • common in infants + elderly
  • Symptoms: sever wheezing, sever bronchiolitis
42
Q

Influenza

A
  • Symptoms: chills, fever, headache, and muscle aches (no intestinal symptoms)
  • swine serve as “mixing vessels” –> H1N1
  • antigenic drift and shift (no long term immunity)
43
Q

antigenic drift

A
  • minor changes in genome spike 9one base change)
  • can still have the same name
  • annual varriations
44
Q

Antigenic shift

A
  • major change
  • pandemic
45
Q

influenza is treated with

A

zanamivir (relenza) and oseltamivir (tamiflu)
- inhibits neuraminidase

46
Q

TB is caused by

A

mycobacterium

47
Q

how can you diagnosi TB

A

mantoux test: ingests protein into the arm
- inflammation tells stage
- creates baseline for exposure to TB

48
Q

TB in a healthy individual

A

inate immunity –> macrophages –> bacteria arrested

49
Q

TB in a person with partial failure of immunity

A

gathering of macrophages –> forms tubercle –> calcium attatched –> forms GHON complexes

50
Q

TB in a person with total failure of immunity

A

Milary form / reactive form / constipation
- significant weight loss
- loss of vigour
- cough –> blood

51
Q

treatment of TB hard

A

-cell wall houses mycolic acid

52
Q

treatment of TB

A
  • First line drugs
  • Second line drugs
  • multi-drug resistant
  • extensively drug resistance
  • vaccine: Bacilli Calmette Guerin
53
Q

First line drugs

A
  • isoniazid
  • rafampin
  • ethambutol
  • pyrazinamide
54
Q

Second line drugs

A
  • aminoglycoside
  • fluoroquinolones
  • streptomycin
55
Q

Multi drug resistants (MDR)

A

resistant to first line drugs

56
Q

Extensively drug resitant (XDR)

A

resistant to second line drugs

57
Q

Acute Q fever

A
  • high fever
  • muscle aches
  • headaches
  • coughing
58
Q

chronic Q fever

A

endocarditis (may occur after years of infection)

HLST124: Microbiology (18 decks)

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