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HLST124: Microbiology > Chapter 5: Microbial Metabolism > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Microbial Metabolism Flashcards

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1
Q

Anabolic reaction

A
  • “building up”
  • uses energy; endergonic reaction
  • biosynthesis
  • dehydration reaction
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2
Q

Catabolic reaction

A
  • “breaking down”
  • degration
  • hydrolytic reaction
  • releases energy: exogonic reaction
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3
Q

what type of reaction is glycolysis

A
  • anaerobic reaction
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4
Q

Products of glycolysis

A
  • 2 pyruvic acid
  • 2 NADH
  • 2 ATP
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5
Q

the krebs cycle is also called

A
  • tricarboxylic acid cycle
  • citric acid cycle
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6
Q

what type of reaction is the krebs cycle?

A
  • aerobic
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7
Q

what are the products of the krebs cycle

A
  • 8 NADH
  • 2 FADH
  • 2 ATP
  • 6 CO2 and 2 h2O (waste)
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8
Q

What is the net ATP of an aerobic reaction

A
  • 36 ATP
    • 2 ATPS are lost in transport between glycolysis and the intermediate steps
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9
Q

Glycolysis is an eukayotic cell occurs in the

A
  • cytoplasm
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10
Q

Glycolysis in a prokaryotic cell occurs in the

A
  • cytoplasm
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11
Q

The intermediate steps in a eukayote occur in the

A
  • cytoplasm
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12
Q

the krebs cycle in a prokayote occur in the

A
  • cytoplasm
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12
Q

The intermediate steps in a prokayote occur in the

A
  • cytoplasm
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12
Q

the krebs cycle in a eurkayote cell occur in the

A
  • mitocondrial matrix
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13
Q

The electron transport chain in a eukaryote occurs in the

A
  • mitocondrial inner membrane
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14
Q

The electron transport chain in a prokaryotic cell occurs in the

A
  • plasma membrane
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15
Q

Intermediate step

A
  • pyruvic acid (from gycolysis) is oxidized and decarbonized and produces NADH
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16
Q

Electron Transport Chain

A
  • a series of carrrier molecules that oxidize and reduced as electrons are passed down the chain
  • chemiosmosis
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17
Q

Carrier molecules in the electron transport chain consist of

A
  • FMN
  • Q
  • Cytochromes
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18
Q

Chemiosomotic mechanism is also called

A
  • oxidative phosphorylation
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19
Q

Purpose of enzymes

A
  • biological catalysts
  • speed up a reaction
  • reduce actiation energy
  • specific for a reaction; a specific substrate
  • are a protein
20
Q

simple protien (enzyme)

A
  • only protein
21
Q

Activation site can be thought of as a ___________ mechanism

A
  • lock and key
22
Q

Conjugated protein (enzyme) consists of

A
  • apoenzyme
  • cofactor
23
Q

What is a HOLO enzyme made up of

A
  • apoenzyme and cofactor
24
Q

Apoenzyme

A
  • protein portion
25
Q

co-factor

A
  • non-protein conponent
26
Q

a co-factor is made up of

A
  • inorganic co-enzyme
  • organic co-enzyme
27
Q

Inorganic examples

A
  • magnisium
  • iron
  • calcium
28
Q

Organic / co-enzymes is deprived form

A
  • vitamin B
29
Q

purpose of Organic

A
  • used to carry electrons to the electron transport chain / oxidative phospharylation
30
Q

Important Co-enzymes

A
  • NAD
  • NADP
  • FAD
  • FMN
  • coenzyme A
31
Q

NAD

A

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
- primarily involved in catabolic reactions
- deprived from vit B nican (nicotinic acid)
- ia an electron carrier

32
Q

NADP

A

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
- is a electron carrier
- is a derivative of vitamin B riboflavin

33
Q

FMN

A

Flavin MonoNucleotide
- deprived from B vitamin Riboflavin
- is an electron carrier

34
Q

Co-enzyme A

A
  • contains a deriative of Pantothemic acid (vitamin B)
  • plays an important role in the synthesis / breakdown of fats in a series of oxidative reactions called the krebs cycle
35
Q

what are the factors that influence enzyme activity

A
  • tempurature
  • PH
  • substrate cencentration
  • inhibator
36
Q

Competativie inhibator example

A
  • Sulfanilamide (replaces para-amino benzoic acid PABA —> produces folic acid–> backbone of DNA and RNA)
    - harmful during pregnacy
    • jaundice
37
Q

competitive inhibitor

A
  • competes for the active site
38
Q

Non - competitive inhibator

A
  • occupies the allosteric site
  • alters the active site
  • feedback inhabition
39
Q

feedback inhabition

A
  • excess of end product
    **read more
40
Q

Dehydregentation

A
  • loses an electron and proton
41
Q

Hydgrogenation

A
  • gains an electron and a proton
42
Q

Example of a oxidation reduction reaction

A

glucose + NAD = C6H11O5 + NADH

43
Q

3 ways ATP is formed

A
44
Q

Aerobic respiration is prokayotes

A

38 ATP

45
Q

Aerobic respiration in eukaryotes

A
  • 36 ATP
46
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A
  • does not use oxegen ; can use NO3, NO2, SO4, CO3
  • ATP varies
47
Q

examples of an anerobic bacteria

A
  • clostridium species
48
Q

Fermentation

A
  • can be used with or without o2
  • glycolysis only
  • yeilds 2 atp
49
Q

Species example of fermentation

A

Lactobacillus —-> latic acid
yeast —. co2 + ethanol
(both absorb electons)

HLST124: Microbiology (18 decks)

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