Chapter 5: Microbial Metabolism Flashcards
Anabolic reaction
- “building up”
- uses energy; endergonic reaction
- biosynthesis
- dehydration reaction
Catabolic reaction
- “breaking down”
- degration
- hydrolytic reaction
- releases energy: exogonic reaction
what type of reaction is glycolysis
- anaerobic reaction
Products of glycolysis
- 2 pyruvic acid
- 2 NADH
- 2 ATP
the krebs cycle is also called
- tricarboxylic acid cycle
- citric acid cycle
what type of reaction is the krebs cycle?
- aerobic
what are the products of the krebs cycle
- 8 NADH
- 2 FADH
- 2 ATP
- 6 CO2 and 2 h2O (waste)
What is the net ATP of an aerobic reaction
- 36 ATP
- 2 ATPS are lost in transport between glycolysis and the intermediate steps
Glycolysis is an eukayotic cell occurs in the
- cytoplasm
Glycolysis in a prokaryotic cell occurs in the
- cytoplasm
The intermediate steps in a eukayote occur in the
- cytoplasm
the krebs cycle in a prokayote occur in the
- cytoplasm
The intermediate steps in a prokayote occur in the
- cytoplasm
the krebs cycle in a eurkayote cell occur in the
- mitocondrial matrix
The electron transport chain in a eukaryote occurs in the
- mitocondrial inner membrane
The electron transport chain in a prokaryotic cell occurs in the
- plasma membrane
Intermediate step
- pyruvic acid (from gycolysis) is oxidized and decarbonized and produces NADH
Electron Transport Chain
- a series of carrrier molecules that oxidize and reduced as electrons are passed down the chain
- chemiosmosis
Carrier molecules in the electron transport chain consist of
- FMN
- Q
- Cytochromes
Chemiosomotic mechanism is also called
- oxidative phosphorylation
Purpose of enzymes
- biological catalysts
- speed up a reaction
- reduce actiation energy
- specific for a reaction; a specific substrate
- are a protein
simple protien (enzyme)
- only protein
Activation site can be thought of as a ___________ mechanism
- lock and key
Conjugated protein (enzyme) consists of
- apoenzyme
- cofactor
What is a HOLO enzyme made up of
- apoenzyme and cofactor
Apoenzyme
- protein portion
co-factor
- non-protein conponent
a co-factor is made up of
- inorganic co-enzyme
- organic co-enzyme
Inorganic examples
- magnisium
- iron
- calcium
Organic / co-enzymes is deprived form
- vitamin B
purpose of Organic
- used to carry electrons to the electron transport chain / oxidative phospharylation
Important Co-enzymes
- NAD
- NADP
- FAD
- FMN
- coenzyme A
NAD
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
- primarily involved in catabolic reactions
- deprived from vit B nican (nicotinic acid)
- ia an electron carrier
NADP
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
- is a electron carrier
- is a derivative of vitamin B riboflavin
FMN
Flavin MonoNucleotide
- deprived from B vitamin Riboflavin
- is an electron carrier
Co-enzyme A
- contains a deriative of Pantothemic acid (vitamin B)
- plays an important role in the synthesis / breakdown of fats in a series of oxidative reactions called the krebs cycle
what are the factors that influence enzyme activity
- tempurature
- PH
- substrate cencentration
- inhibator
Competativie inhibator example
- Sulfanilamide (replaces para-amino benzoic acid PABA —> produces folic acid–> backbone of DNA and RNA)
- harmful during pregnacy- jaundice
competitive inhibitor
- competes for the active site
Non - competitive inhibator
- occupies the allosteric site
- alters the active site
- feedback inhabition
feedback inhabition
- excess of end product
**read more
Dehydregentation
- loses an electron and proton
Hydgrogenation
- gains an electron and a proton
Example of a oxidation reduction reaction
glucose + NAD = C6H11O5 + NADH
3 ways ATP is formed
Aerobic respiration is prokayotes
38 ATP
Aerobic respiration in eukaryotes
- 36 ATP
Anaerobic respiration
- does not use oxegen ; can use NO3, NO2, SO4, CO3
- ATP varies
examples of an anerobic bacteria
- clostridium species
Fermentation
- can be used with or without o2
- glycolysis only
- yeilds 2 atp
Species example of fermentation
Lactobacillus —-> latic acid
yeast —. co2 + ethanol
(both absorb electons)
