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HLST124: Microbiology > Chapter 11: The Prokaryotes; Eubacteria > Flashcards

Chapter 11: The Prokaryotes; Eubacteria Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 5 major divisions of Gram Negative bacteria

A
  1. Alpha
  2. Beta
  3. Gamma
  4. Delta
  5. Campylobacterota / Epislon
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2
Q

what is an example of alpha bacteria

A

Risksettia ricksetti

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3
Q

what does Risksettia ricksetti cause

A

rocky mountain spotted fever
- effects cardiovascular system

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4
Q

how is Riskettia richsetti spread

A

through insect and tick bites
- parasites

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5
Q

what shape is Rickettsia ricksettii

A
  • rod or coccobacillus
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6
Q

is ricksettsia ricksetti areobic or anaerobic

A

areobic

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7
Q

Ricksettsia ricketti the full picture

A

ALPHA
- rod or coccobacillus
- aerobic
- spread through parasites
- causes: rocky mountain spotted fever

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8
Q

what are two examples of Beta

A
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Neisseria species
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9
Q

Bordetella pertussis full picture

A

BETA
- rods
- aerobic
- contain capsule
- casues whopping cough

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10
Q

what does Bordetella pertussis cause

A

whopping cough

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11
Q

what shape is Bordetella pertussis

A

rod

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12
Q

what does Bordetella pertussis contain

A

a capsule

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13
Q

is Bordetella pertussis aerobic or anaerobic

A

aerobic

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14
Q

what are the tow Nesseria species

A
  • Nesseria meningitidis
  • Nesseria gonnorhea
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15
Q

Neisseria full picture

A

BETA
- diplococci
- aerobic
- contains a capsule

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16
Q

what shape is Neisseria

A

diplococci

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17
Q

what does Neisseria meningitides cause

A

menigitis

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18
Q

what does Neisseria gonnorhea cause

A

gonnorhea

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19
Q

what special feature does Neisseria gonnorhea contain

A

has fimbrae

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20
Q

What are the 5 dividions of Gamma bacteria

A
  • psedomonodales
  • legionellales
  • vibrionales
  • enterobacteriale
  • pasteruellales
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21
Q

what are the two examples of pseudomonodales

A
  • pseudomonas aerginosa
  • pseudomonas moraxellla lacunata
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22
Q

what shape is pseudomonas aerginosa

A

rod

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23
Q

what does pseudomonas aerginosa contain

A

flangells (mono or lopho)

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24
Q

pseudomonas aerginosa secretes

A

pigment (blue or green)
- pus in burn patients

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25
Q

what does pseudomonas aerginosa cause

A
  • UTI’s, septiemic
  • conjectivitis (pink eye)
  • an psycotrophic organism
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26
Q

psycotrophic organsism

A

casues food spoliage

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27
Q

pseudomonas aerginosa the full picture

A

GAMMA
rods
- flagella (mono or lopho)
- secretes pigment (blue or green)
- can cause UTI’s, septiemic
- causes conjectivitis
- psycotrophic organsim

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28
Q

what shape is p. moxella lacunta

A

coccobacillus

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29
Q

what does p. moxella lacunta cause

A

pink eye

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30
Q

p. moxella lacunta the full picture

A

GAMMA
- coccobacillus
- pink eye

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31
Q

whata re the two examples of leginellates

A
  • leginella pneumophile
  • coxiella burnellia
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32
Q

what shape is Legionella pneumophilia

A

rod

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33
Q

how is Legionella pneumophilia spread

A

through water
- AC units, humidifiers, shower heads

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34
Q

what does Legionella pneumophilia cause

A

-leginellars disease (fatal)
- pentilic fever

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35
Q

Legionella pneumophilia the full picture

A

GAMMA
- rod
- spread through water
- casues leginellar disease and pentilic fever

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36
Q

what does Coxiella Burnetii contain

A

endospores

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37
Q

what shape is Coxiella Burnetii

A

rod

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38
Q

how is Coxiella Burnetii spread

A

animals

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39
Q

Coxiella Burnetii the full picture

A

GAMMA
endospores
- rods
- spread through animals
- causes Q fever

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40
Q

what does Coxiella Burnetii cause

A

Q fever

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41
Q

what are characteristics of enteribacteriales

A
  • rods
  • faccutalivly ananerobic
  • Entric
  • flagella (peri)
  • pilus
  • produce bacterialocin
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42
Q

what does entric mean

A

loves intestine

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43
Q

what are the examples of enteriobacteriales

A
  • Escherichia coli
  • Salmonella enterica
  • Salmonella typhi
  • Shigella dysenteriae
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44
Q

Escherichia coli

A
  • lab pet
  • agencies –> “coliform bacteria”
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45
Q

what does Escherichia coli cause

A
  • travellers diarrehea
  • UTI’s (70-75%)
  • food infection
  • Hemolytic Uremic Syndrom (HUS)
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46
Q

Escherichia coli the full picture

A

GAMMA
- rods
- factatativly anaerobic
- Entric
- flagella (peri)
- pilus
- produce bacterialocin
- lab pet
- agencies –>”coliform bacteria”
- casues:- travellers diarrehea , UTI’s (70-75%), food infection, Hemolytic Uremic Syndrom (HUS)

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47
Q

Salmonella enterica is caused by

A

food sources

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48
Q

Salmonella enterica efffects the

A

intestinal tract

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49
Q

Salmonella enterica the full picture

A

GAMMA
- rods
- faccutalivly ananerobic
- Entric (loves the intestine)
- flagella (peri)
- pilus
- produce bacterialocin
- caused by food sources

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50
Q

Salmonella typhi is cuased by a

A

human carrier
- lifelong
- effects gullbladder

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51
Q

Salmonella typhi the full picture

A

GAMMA
- rods
- faccutalivly ananerobic
- Entric (loves the intestine)
- flagella (peri)
- pilus
- produce bacterialocin
- caused by a human carrier

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52
Q

Shigella dysenteriae releases

A

shegi toxin

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53
Q

Shigella dysenteriae is common in

A

daycares

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54
Q

Shigella dysenteriae the full picture

A

GAMMA
- rods
- faccutalivly ananerobic
- Entric (loves the intestine)
- flagella (peri)
- pilus
- produce bacterialocin
- produce shegi toxin
- common in daycares

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55
Q

What is an example of pasteurellales

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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56
Q

what shape is Haemophilus influenzae

A

coccobacilllus

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57
Q

Haemophilus influenzae contains

A

capsule

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58
Q

Haemophilus influenzae is missing

A

ETC components
- NAD
- cytochrome components

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59
Q

NAD

A

bloods v factor

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60
Q

cytochrome components

A

bloods x factor

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61
Q

Haemophilus influenzae causes

A
  • meningitis
  • otitis media
  • pneumonia
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62
Q

Examples of epislon

A
  • Helicobacter pylori
  • Campylobacter jejuni
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63
Q

what are the common characteristics of Epislon bacteria

A
  • microphilic
  • vibro
  • flangella
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64
Q

what kind of flangella does Helicobacter pylori contain

A

peri

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65
Q

what does Helicobacter pylori cause

A

ulcers

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66
Q

Helicobacter pylori the full picture

A
  • EPISLON
  • microaerophilic
  • vibro
  • flagella (peri)
  • causes ulcers
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67
Q

what kind of flangella does Campylobacter jejuni contain

A

mono

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68
Q

Campylobacter jejuni causes

A

gatroenteritis

69
Q

Campylobacter jejuni is spread through

A

food

70
Q

Campylobacter jejuni the full picture

A
  • EPISLON
  • microaerophilic
  • vibro
  • flagella (mono)
  • spread through food
  • causes: gastroenteritis
71
Q

what are the four examples of bacteria in the other category

A
  1. Chlanydiae
  2. Bacteroidetes
  3. Fusobacteria
  4. Spirochaetes
72
Q

Chlanydiae trachomatis causes

A
  • blinfness / trachoma
  • non gonochoccal urthritis (NGU)
  • lympho granuloma enerneum (LGV)
73
Q

what shape is Chlamydia trachomatis

A

coccobacillus

74
Q

how is Chlamydia trachomatis spread

A

through interpersonal contact and air

75
Q

how long does the life cycle of Chlamydia trachomatis last

A

48 hours

76
Q

Fusobacterium are identified becasue they are

A

spindal

77
Q

what shape is Fusobacterium

A

rod

78
Q

is Fusobacterium aerobic or anaerobic

A

anaerobic

79
Q

Fusobacterium causes

A

infections of the oral cavity (gingivitis)

80
Q

Fusobacterium the full picture

A

OTHER
- rod
-anaerobic
- casues infections of the oral cavity
- spindal

81
Q

Bacteroidetes the full picture

A
  • rods
  • anaerobes
  • casues peritonitis
  • forms pus –> rot canal
82
Q

what shape is Bacteroidetes

A

rod

83
Q

is Bacteroidetes anaerobic or aerobic

A

anaerobic

84
Q

Bacteroidetes causes

A

peritonitis

85
Q

what is an example of a spirochete

A

Treponema pallidum

86
Q

Treponema pallidum causes

A

shyphilis

87
Q

Treponema pallidum is grown

A

in viro
- study in rabbits

88
Q

Treponema pallidum move by

A

axial filaments

89
Q

can you make a vaccine for Treponema pallidum

A

yes
- genome mapped

90
Q

What are the three divisions of Gram positive bacteria

A

Firmicutes (low G+C)
Mcoplasmotota (Low G+C)
Actinomycetota

91
Q

What are the three examples of Firmicutes

A
  1. Clostridales
  2. Bacillates
    3.lactobacillus
92
Q

What are the three examples of Firmicutes

A
  1. Chlostridales
  2. bacillaes
    3.lactobacillus
93
Q

What are the 4 simularites between chostridium and clostridiodes

A
  • rods
  • endospores –> “lolipop rods”
  • anaerobic
  • abundant in the soil
94
Q

what are the three examples of chlostridium

A

c. tetni
c. botulinum
c. perfringes

95
Q

What is an example of clostridodes

A

c. difficle

96
Q

c. difficle is an example of a

A

HAI / nosocomial infections

97
Q

What are the two examples of Bacillales

A
  1. Bacillus anthracis
  2. Staphylococcus aureus
98
Q

what shape is Bacillus anthracis

A

rods

99
Q

respiration of Bacillus anthracis

A

aerobic / fac. anaerobic

100
Q

Bacillus anthracis is a

A

bioweapon

101
Q

Bacillus anthracis is abundant in the

A

soil

102
Q

special feature of Bacillus anthracis

A

endospores

103
Q

Bacillus anthracis causes

A

anthrax

104
Q

Bacillus anthracis the full picture

A
  • rod
  • aerobic / fac. anaerobic
  • endospore
  • abundant in the soil
  • bioweapon
  • causes anthrax (3 forms)
105
Q

Staphylococcus aureus the full picture

A
  • clustered cocci
  • golden colonies
  • growth: special media
  • fac. anaerobic
  • causes: skin infections (sty), toxic shock syndrom (TSS), food posioning, UTI’s
106
Q

what organisms causes UTI’s

A

s. saprophyticus

107
Q

what shape is Staphylococcus aureus

A

clustered cocci

108
Q

what color is Staphylococcus aureus colonies

A

golden

109
Q

Staphylococcus aureus grow in

A

special media

110
Q

Staphylococcus aureus respiration

A

fac. anaerobic

111
Q

Staphylococcus aureus causes

A
  • skin infections (sty)
  • toxic shock syndrom
  • food posioning
  • UTI’s
112
Q

What are the four examples of Lactobacillales

A
  1. lactobacillus
  2. streptococcus
  3. listeria
  4. entrococcus
113
Q

lactobacillus is a

A

probiotic

114
Q

lactobacillus the full picture

A
  • aeortolerant
  • commerical
  • non-pathogenic (probiotic)
115
Q

lactobacillus increases

A
  • during puberty –> sterile vagina, digests sugars, brought by estrogen
  • during pregnacy –> doubles, contributes to the babys immune system
116
Q

lactobacillus respiration

A

aerotolerant

117
Q

streptococcus respiration

A

aerotolerant

118
Q

what are the three examples of streptococcus

A
  • s. pyogens
  • s. mutans
  • s. pneumoniae
119
Q

s. pyogens causes

A
  • skin infections
  • strep throat
  • rhematic fever
  • scarlett fever
  • otitis media
120
Q

s. pyogens attatches through

A

m. proteins

121
Q

s. pyogens grow in what medium

A

blood agar
- forms a clear zone (beta hemolysis)

122
Q

what kind of hemolysis does s. pyogens

A

beta

123
Q

what kind of hemolysis is in s. mutans

A

alpha

124
Q

s. mutans grows in what medium

A

blood agar
- “green zone”
- meth hemoglobin
- alpha hemolysis

125
Q

s. mutans causes

A

tooth decay (plaque)

126
Q

s. mutans attaches through

A

capsule

127
Q

s. pneumoniae shape
** exception

A

diplococci

128
Q

s. pneumoniae causes

A

pneumoniae

129
Q

s. pneumoniae causes

A
  • meningitis
  • otitis media
130
Q

s. pneumoniae feature

A

capsule

131
Q

Listeria example

A

Listeria monocytogenes

132
Q

Listeria monocytogenes shape

A
  • rods
133
Q

Listeria monocytogenes respiration

A

fac. anaerobic

134
Q

Listeria monocytogenes causes

A

lysterosis (menigitis)

135
Q

Listeria monocytogenes is dangerous in

A
  • immunocompromised and pregnancy
136
Q

in pregnacy Listeria monocytogenes can cause

A
  • sponanous miscarriages
  • still born
  • ill newborn
137
Q

Listeria monocytogenes the full picture

A
  • rods
  • fac. anaerobic
  • psychrotrophic –> soft cheese, cold cuts, salad
  • causes lysterosis (menigitis)
  • dangerous in the immunocompromised and pregnancy
  • grows in macrophages ( decreases immune system
138
Q

what are the two examples of Entrococcus

A
  • E. facecalis
  • E. faecium
139
Q

Enterococcus species are examples of

A

HAI
- surgical wounds, catheter, UTI

140
Q

Example of mcoplasmotota

A

m. pnumoniae

141
Q

m. pnumoniae cell wall

A

atypical (no cell wall)
- sterole in plasma membrane

142
Q

m. pnumoniae growth

A

sterole culture

143
Q

m. pnumoniae colonies

A

fried egg colonies

144
Q

m. pnumoniae causes and treatment

A

walking pneumonia (common in young adults)
- treatment: tetracycline (inhibits protein synthesis)

145
Q

m. pnumoniae the full picture

A
  • Atypical (no cell wall) –> sterole in plasma membrane
  • growth: sterole culture
  • fried egg colonies
  • non shape (pleomorphic)
  • causes: walking pneumonia
    Treatment: tetracycline (inhibits protein synthesis
146
Q

What are the three examples of Actinomycetota

A
  1. mycobacterium
  2. Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  3. Propiobacterium
147
Q

What are the exampels of mycobacterium

A

TB and lepracy

148
Q

mycobacterium the full picture

A
  • mycolic acid
  • acid fact stain
  • rods
  • aerobic
  • slow growth; nutrients enter slowly
149
Q

purpose of mycolic acid

A
  • resistant to desication, antiseptics, antibiotics
150
Q

mycobacterium shape

A

rods

151
Q

mycobacterium are stained using

A

acid fast

152
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae shape

A

rods

153
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae respiration

A

fac. anaerobic

154
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae cause and treatment

A

diptheria (upper respiratory tract) forms leather like psuedomembrane –> sufficates
D tap vaccine

155
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae the big picture

A
  • rods
  • fac. anaerobic
  • cleomorphic or alphabet form
  • causes: diptheria
156
Q

cleomorphism shape

A

picket fence

157
Q

Alphabet form shape

A

Chinese letters

158
Q

Propiobacterium examples

A

p. acnes

159
Q

p. acnes casues

A

acne

160
Q

p. acnes respiration

A

anaerobic ( no fermentation)

161
Q

p. acnes shape

A

rods

162
Q

p. acnes treatment

A

cleanser, benzoylic peroxide

163
Q

p. acnes grows in

A

sebacous glands

164
Q

Propiobacterium are

A

fermentators

165
Q

Propiobacterium make

A

swish cheese
contribute to: nutty flavour, and holes

166
Q

nutty flavour is made by

A

propronic acid

167
Q

hoel in swish cheese are made by

A

carbon dioxide

168
Q

p. acnes the full picture

A
  • causes acne
  • anaerobic
  • grows in sebaceous glands
  • rods
  • treatment: cleanser, benzoyl peroxide

HLST124: Microbiology (18 decks)

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