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HLST124: Microbiology > Chapter 13: Virus > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Virus Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

virus contain

A
  • DNA or RNA
  • a protein coat
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2
Q

mixing vessels for viruses

A

bird, pigs, bats (parasites)

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3
Q

Viron

A

fully developed virus

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4
Q

viron has own

A

genome
- DNA or RNA

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5
Q

capsid

A
  • is a protein
  • used for identification, transmission, and attatchment
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6
Q

capsolmeres

A

subunit of capsid

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7
Q

capsolmeres function

A

gives unique shapes

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8
Q

Envolope

A
  • phospholipid, protein, carbohydrate
  • provides protection
  • identification (2 types)
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9
Q

2 types of spikes

A

-hemeglutination HA –> triangle
- neuraminidase

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10
Q

hemeglutination purpose

A
  • can be used for identification
  • triangular spike
  • kills blood cells and penetrates the cells
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11
Q

example of hemeglutination

A

influenza

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12
Q

neuraminidase

A
  • seperates viron after infection
  • seperates cell from infected cell
  • bulb spike
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13
Q

spikes are made up of

A

protein and carbohydrate

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14
Q

vaccine targets

A

spikes

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15
Q

HIV only replicates in

A

humans

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16
Q

HIV destroys

A

human immune system

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17
Q

HIV-1 is prevalent

A

in the US

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18
Q

HIV-2 is prevalent in

A

West Africa

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19
Q

HIV stands for

A

Human Immunodeficency Virus

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20
Q

HIV viron has

A
  • RNA geneome
  • capsule
  • envolope
  • spikes
  • enzyme
    ** retrovirus
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21
Q

what spikes are prevalent in HIV

A

GP41; GP120

22
Q

what enzyme is present in HIV

A

reverse transcriptase

23
Q

reverse trascriptase effect

A

converts RNA to DNA

24
Q

HIV receptors

A
  • CD4 (on helper T cells)
25
Q

HIV enters the cell through

A

receptor mediated endocytosis

26
Q

CD4 receptors are found on

A

helper T cells

27
Q

what are the three stages of HIV

A
  • stage 1
  • stage 2
  • stage 3
28
Q

Stage A

A
  • lymphodenopathy (swollen lymph nodes)
  • TH min 500
29
Q

stage B

A

TH: 499-200

30
Q

stage C

A

TH: <200

31
Q

what are normal TH levels

A

1500-2000

32
Q

provirus

A

viral DNA in nucleus (hide and emerge)

33
Q

provirus abilities

A
  • can generate new baby vrions
  • can become latent (hiding)
  • can convert into cancer cells
34
Q

cancer cells produced by HIV example

A

Karposi sacrooma

35
Q

HIV treatment

A
  • most common NRTI’s (neucleotide retroviral inhibitors)
36
Q

how is HIV spread

A
  • blood
  • semen
  • saliva
37
Q

how many units of HIV are in blood

A

1000-10 000

38
Q

how many units of HIV are in semen

A

10 - 1000

39
Q

how many units of HIV are in saliva

A

1

40
Q

what are the two types of retroviral inhibitors

A
  • Zidovudine (AZT)
  • Lamivudine (3TC)
41
Q

what kind of vaccine would need to be developed for HIV

A
  • mRNA vaccine
42
Q

why has a vaccine not been developed for HIV

A
  • mutations
  • diffferent strains present in the same person
43
Q

what are the cytopathic effects of HIV

A
  • lytic
  • persistant
  • latent
  • cancer
44
Q

lytic

A

acute infections

45
Q

lytic examples

A
  • cold
  • rhino virus
  • influenza
46
Q

persistant example

A
  • measles (can cause brain degerneration (SSPE))
47
Q

latnet

A

hiding and emerging

48
Q

latent examples

A

cold sores (HERPES-1), shingles (HERPES-3), mononucleosis (HERPES-4)

49
Q

Cancer examples

A

Ed virus (HERPES-4)
- causes burkitts lymphoma (attacks B lymphocytes_ and nasopharengels cancer

50
Q

AIDS

A
  • not a disease but a syndrome
  • latent stage of provirus
51
Q

when treating HIV we should use

A

a cocktail of drugs to avoid immunity

HLST124: Microbiology (18 decks)

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