Chapter 2: Chemical Principles Flashcards
Proteins
- made up of amino acids
- organic molecules that contain C, H, O, N, S
- essential for structure and function
-some have helical shape and some have pleated sheets
Amino Acids
“building blocks”
- An organic acid containing an amino group and a carboxyl group
Enzymes
- proteins that speed (catalyze) up chemical reactions in a living organism, usually a protein. Also a ribosome
dipeptide
- 2 amino acids joined together
tripeptide
- 3 amino acids joined together
primary polypeptide chain
- polypeptide strand (amino acid sequence)
Secondary structure
- helix and pleated sheet (three polypeptide strands)
Tertiary Structure
- 3 dimentional folding of polypeptide chain
Quintary structure
- the relationship of several folded polypeptide chains forming a protien
EXAMPLE: collogen, Hb
Denaturation
- disruption of secondary, tertiary, or quatenary structure
- breaking down
- a change in the molecular structure of a protein, usuallymakin git nonfunctional
Dehydration synthesis
- building of amino acids that form peptide bonds
- condensation reaction
- reaction in which a water molecule is relased from a reaction
ATP
Adenosien Triphosphate
- Contains: ribose sugar, adenine, and three phosphate groups
- stores chemical energy
- energy is released when the phosphate bond is broken
Nucleic Acids
- DNA and RNA
- discovered in the nucleus of cells
DNA
2 - deoxyribonucleic Acid
- made up of nucleotides
- double helix
- alternating sugar and phosphate groups form the backbone of the twisted latter; rungs of the double helix made up of nitrogen bases
Function of DNA
determines hereditary raits
Complimetary parings of nitrogen containing bases
A-T
G-C
Nucleotides are made up of
- base
- sugar
- phosphate
Purine
class of nucleic acids that contain A-G
Pyridamines
class of nucleic acids that contain T-C - U
RNA
Ribonucleic acid
- single strand
- no thymine; relaced with Uracil
RNA function
- protein synthesis
Types of RNA
- mRNA
- tRNA
- rRNA
mRNA
directs the incorporation of amino acids into proteins
tRNA
- type of RNA that brings amino acids to the ribosomal site where they are incorporated into proteins
rRNA
forms ribosomes
