Chapter 8: Metabolism 09/21/2023 Flashcards
What is metabolism?
The sum of an organism’s chemical reactions
What is the metabolic pathway?
The process of a specific molecule ending with a specific product
What is the catabolic pathway?
The release of energy by down complex molecules into simpler compounds
What is an example of catabolic pathways?
Cellular respiration where the breakdown of glucose is the presence of oxygen
What are anabolic pathways?
The consuming of energy to build complex molecules from simple ones
What are bionenergetics?
The study of how energy flows through living organisms
What is chemical energy?
The potential energy available for release in a chemical energy
What are thermodynamics?
The study of energy transformations
What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?
Energy is constant and can transferred or transformed but cannot be created nor destroyed
What is the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics?
The transfer or transformation of energy increases the entropy of the universe
What is thermal energy?
The most useless energy that escapes organisms
What is spontaneous processes?
No energy added and can happen quickly/slowly
What is free energy?
Energy that can do work when both temperature and pressure is uniform in a living cell
What is an example of spontaneous processes?
Catabolic energy
What is -^G in terms of free energy?
Spontaneous energy(less stable)
What is +^G in terms of free energy?
No spontaneous energy(more stable)
What is exergonic reaction?
The release of free energy that is spontaneous
What is an endorgonic reaction?
The absorption of free energy that is not spontaneous
What is a catalyst?
A chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by it
What is an enzyme?
A catalytic protein
What is the activation energy?
The initial energy needed to start a chemical reaction
What is substrate?
A reactant that an enzyme acts on
What is an enzyme-substrate complex?
An enzyme that binds to a substrate
What is an active site?
The area in which the enzyme binds with a substrate
What are cofactors?
Non protein enzyme helpers
What is a coenzyme?
An organic cofactor
What is an allosteric regulation?
A reaction that inhibits or stimulates enzyme activity
