Chapter 5: Macromolecules 09/12/2023

Question 1

What are macromolecules?

Answer 1

Large and complex molecules

Question 2

What is a polymer?

Answer 2

Long molecules that consist of similar building blocks

Question 3

What are monomers?

Answer 3

Repeating units that serve as building blocks

Question 4

What molecules are called polymers?

Answer 4

Carbohydrates, proteins, and nuclei acids

Question 5

What are enzymes?

Answer 5

Macromolecules that speed up chemical processes

Question 6

What molecule is a monomer?

Answer 6

Fats(lipids)

Question 7

What is a dehydration reaction?

Answer 7

When monomers bond due to the loss of a water molecule

Question 8

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 8

When polymers turn into monomers and is the opposite of a dehydration reaction

Question 9

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 9

Polymers of sugar

Question 10

What are monosaccrides?

Answer 10

Simple carbs

Question 11

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 11

Polymers of sugars that have storage

Question 12

What is starch?

Answer 12

A polysaccharides storage that plants have and is made up of glucose monomers

Question 13

What is glycogen?

Answer 13

A polysaccharides storage in animals

Question 14

What is cellulose?

Answer 14

Polymer of glucose that is tough to digest in humans and is a component of tough walls in plants

Question 15

What is chitin?

Answer 15

A polysaccharides found in the exoskeleton of arthropods

Question 16

What are lipids?

Answer 16

Molecules that are monomers and are hydrophobic since they are made up of hydrocarbons that don’t mix in water

Question 17

What is a fatty acid?

Answer 17

Consist of carboxyl group attached to carbon skeletons

Question 18

What are saturated fatty acids?

Answer 18

Max number of hydrogen atoms and have no double bonds. Are solid at RT and easily packed

Question 19

What are unsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 19

Have one or more double bonds. Liquid at RT and take up more space

Question 20

What is trans fat?

Answer 20

Fat that contributes to heart disease more than saturated fats

Question 21

What is a phospholipid?

Answer 21

Two fatty acids and a phosphate group

Question 22

What is the head of a phospholipid?

Answer 22

Hydrophilic

Question 23

What is the tail of a phospholipid?

Answer 23

Hydrophobic

Question 24

What are steroids?

Answer 24

Lipids that have four fused rings in a carbon skeleton

Question 25

What is cholesterol?

Answer 25

A type of steroid that is found in animals cell membranes

Question 26

What are amino acids?

Answer 26

Organic molecules with nitrogen and carboxyl groups

Question 27

What are proteins?

Answer 27

Polymers in which the monomer are amino acids

Question 28

What are peptide bonds?

Answer 28

Amino acids linked by covalent bonds

Question 29

What is a primary structure?

Answer 29

Looking at protein in a single file line

Question 30

What is secondary structure?

Answer 30

The focus of coils and or helix

Question 31

What is the tertiary structure?

Answer 31

3D structure

Question 32

What is quaternary structure?

Answer 32

Multiple polypeptide chains

Question 33

What is sickle cell disease?

Answer 33

An inherited blood disorder from the substitution of a single amino acid in hemoglobin protein

Question 34

What is denaturation?

Answer 34

The loss of a protein’s original structure

Question 35

What is nucleic acids?

Answer 35

Monomers called nucleotides that are found in DNA and genes

Question 36

What are the two types of nucleic acids?

Answer 36

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 37

What is the process of genetic information?

Answer 37

DNA —> RNA—> protein