Chapter 12: Mitosis Flashcards
Why do multicellular cells need cell division?
growth, repair, and development of fertilized cells.
What is part of the cell cycle?
Cell division and the formation of new cells
What are chromosomes?
DNA molecules packed in a cell
What is chromatin?
Both DNA and protein
What are somatic cells?
Non-reproductive cells with two sets of chromosomes
What are gametes?
Reproductive cells like sperm and egg. They also have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells.
What is done in preparation before cell division?
DNA is replicated and chromosomes are condensed.
What are sister chromatids?
What a duplicated chromosome has
What is a centromere?
Where two chromatids are close together
What is mitosis?
The division of genetic material in the nucleus
What is the cytokinesis?
The division of the cytoplasm
What do eukaryotic cells consist of?
Mitosis and cytokinesis
What does the cell division cycle consist of?
The mitotic(M) phase and interphase
What is the mitotic(M) phase?
Mitosis and cytokinesis
What is the interphase stage?
The cell growth and copying of chromosomes that are prepared for cell division
What are the subphases of the interphase?
G1, S, G2
What is the mitotic spindle?
Microtubules that allow for chromosome movement
What is the centrosome?
The organizing center of the microtubule
What are kinetochores?
Proteins associated with centrosomes
What is the metaphase plate?
A midway between the spindles where the chromosomes line up
What is the cleavage furrow?
The cytokinesis of animals cells
What is the cell plate?
The cytokinesis of plant cells
What is the binary fission?
The cell division of prokaryotes like bacteria and archae
What are growth factors?
Factors that are released by certain cells and stimulate other cells to divide
What is transformation?
The transition/transformation of a normal cell to a cancer cell
Eukaryotic chromatin is composed of which of the following macromolecules?
DNA and proteins
After DNA replication, each duplicated chromosome consists of two of which of the following structures?
sister chromatids
What is the name of the region on duplicated chromosomes where the sister chromatids are
most closely attached to each other?
he centromere
In a diploid cell with four chromosome pairs (2n = 8), how many centromeres will be found in a nucleus at G2 of the cell division cycle?
8
What is the name of the microtubule-organizing center found in animal cells as an identifiable
structure present during all phases of the cell cycle?
centrosome
The mitotic spindle plays a critical role in which of the following processes?
separation of sister chromatids
Which of the following statements describes a characteristic feature of metaphase?
alignment of chromosomes on the equator of the cell
Which of the following events would be most likely to produce cells with several nuclei?
repeated mitosis without cytokinesis
Which of the following statements best describes how cytokinesis differs between plant and
animal cells?
Plant cells deposit vesicles containing cell wall building blocks on the metaphase plate;animal cells form a cleavage furrow
At which phase of the cell cycle do centrioles begin to move apart in animal cells?
prophase
In a diploid cell with four chromosome pairs (2n = 8), how many sister chromatids will be found in a nucleus at prophase of mitosis?
16
If there are 24 centromeres in a cell at anaphase of mitosis, how many chromosomes will be found in each daughter cell following cytokinesis?
12
If a cell at metaphase of mitosis contains 32 sister chromatids, how many chromosomes will be present in a G1 cell?
16
Movement of the chromosomes during anaphase would be most directly affected by a drug that prevents which of the following events?
shortening of microtubules
Which of the following events characterizes the beginning of anaphase?
enzymatic cleavage of cohesin
In which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids become daughter chromosomes?
Anaphase
Which of the following statements best describes a cleavage furrow?
a groove in the plasma membrane between daughter nuclei
Certain unicellular eukaryotes, including diatoms and some yeasts, have mechanisms of nuclear division that resemble intermediate steps in the evolution of mitosis. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of nuclear division in these organisms?
Chromosomes are segregated by a mitotic spindle, but the nuclear envelope remains intact during division.
Through a microscope, you can see a cell plate beginning to develop across the middle of a cell and nuclei forming on either side of the cell plate. This cell is most likely ________.
a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis
Which of the following events occurs during interphase of the cell cycle?
replication of the DNA
