Chapter 24: Speciation Flashcards
What is speciation?
The origin of new species
What is microevolution?
Changes in allele frequency over time in a population
What is macroevolution?
Broad patterns in evolutionary change above the species level
What does species mean in latin?
Kind
What is biological species concept?
group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring
What is reproductive isolation?
The existence of biological factors that affect the species from being fertile or viable
What are pre-zygotic barriers?
Barriers that block fertilization
What is habitat isolation?
Two species that encounter each other that are not isolated by physical barriers
What is temporal isolation?
Species that breed at different times of the day,season, and years that cannot mix gametes
What is behavioral isolation?
Courtship rituals and other behaviors unique to a species that are effective to mating(bird dancing)
What is mechanical isolation?
Physical difference that prevent successful mating(snail curves)
What is gametic isolation?
Sperm of one species does not fertilize eggs of another species
What are post-zygotic barriers?
Prevent the hybrid zygote from developing into a viable and fertile adult
What is reduced hybrid viability?
Genes of a different parents species interact and impair the hybrids’s development or survival
What is reduced hybrid fertility?
Even if hybrids survive they may be sterile (mules)
What is hybrid breakdown?
Some first-gen hybrid cans be fertile but when they mate with OG species or other species like them, they can produce sterile offsprings
what is the morphological species concept?
Defines a species by structural features. Applies to sexual and asexual species
What is the ecological species concept?
Species in terms of their ecological niche. Applies to sexual and asexual
What is phylogenetic species concept?
The species is the smallest group of individuals. Applies to sexual and asexual.
What is allopatric speciation?
When a population is divided into different geographies and evolve independently
What is sympatric speciation?
When populations overlap in the same geography.
What is polyploidy?
The presence of extra sets of chromosomes due to accidents during cell division. It is more common in plants than animals (down syndrome).
What is autopolyploidy?
Individual with more than two chromosomes derived from a single species
What is allopolyploid?
A species with multiple sets of chromosomes from different species
What is a hybrid zone?
Region where members of different species mate and produce hybrids
