Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life 8/31/2023

Question 1

What are organisms made up of?

Answer 1

matter

Question 2

What is matter?

Answer 2

Anything that takes up space and mass

Question 3

What is matter made up of?

Answer 3

elements

Question 4

What is an element?

Answer 4

A substance that cannot be further broken. It is in its purest form

Question 5

What is a compound?

Answer 5

A group of two or more elements that can further be broken down

Question 6

Of the 92 elements how many are needed for life?

Answer 6

20-25%

Question 7

What are the elements that make up matter or approximately 96%)?

Answer 7

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen(CHON)

Question 8

What are the remaining elements that are needed for matter OR approximately 4%?

Answer 8

calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur (CPPS).

Question 9

What is the charge of a neutron?

Answer 9

neutral

Question 10

What is the charge of a proton?

Answer 10

positive

Question 11

What is the charge of an electron?

Answer 11

negative

Question 12

What is found in the middle of an atom?

Answer 12

nucleus and protons/neutrons

Question 13

What surrounds an atom?

Answer 13

electrons

Question 14

What accounts for the mass of an element?

Answer 14

protons and neutrons

Question 15

Is the mass of electrons accounted for?

Answer 15

No. The mass of electrons is light and almost irrelevant to account for

Question 16

What is the atomic number(or top number) of an element?

Answer 16

The number of protons

Question 17

How do you find the number of electrons?

Answer 17

Take the mass-top number of element

Question 18

What are isotopes?

Answer 18

Elements that differ in the amount of neutrons

Question 19

What is energy?

Answer 19

The capacity to cause change

Question 20

What is potential energy?

Answer 20

The energy that matter has based on location and structure

Question 21

What is an electron shell?

Answer 21

Electron state of potential energy that is known as energy level or electron shell

Question 22

What is the max electrons in the 1st shell?

Answer 22

2 electrons

Question 23

What is the max electrons in the 2nd or more shell?

Answer 23

8 electrons

Question 24

What are chemical compunds?

Answer 24

Attraction based on atoms

Question 25

What are covalent bonds?

Answer 25

Non-metal + non-metal OR the sharing of electrons

Question 26

What is an equal share of electrons?

Answer 26

Non-polar (H-H)

Question 27

What is an unequal share of electrons?

Answer 27

polar

Question 28

What is a molecule?

Answer 28

A molecule is covalent bond that consist of two or more atoms

Question 29

What is structural formula?

Answer 29

Notation that represents the bonding of atoms(ex: H-H)

Question 30

What is molecular formula?

Answer 30

Another shorter notation of structural formula(ex: H2)

Question 31

What is electronegativity?

Answer 31

An atom's attraction to other electrons in covalent bonds

Question 32

What is a hydrogen bond?

Answer 32

When a hydrogen atom covalently to a electronegative atom

Question 33

What is a Van der Waals interaction?

Answer 33

Attraction between molecules that are close because of their charges