Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life 8/31/2023 Flashcards
What are organisms made up of?
matter
What is matter?
Anything that takes up space and mass
What is matter made up of?
elements
What is an element?
A substance that cannot be further broken. It is in its purest form
What is a compound?
A group of two or more elements that can further be broken down
Of the 92 elements how many are needed for life?
20-25%
What are the elements that make up matter or approximately 96%)?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen(CHON)
What are the remaining elements that are needed for matter OR approximately 4%?
calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur (CPPS).
What is the charge of a neutron?
neutral
What is the charge of a proton?
positive
What is the charge of an electron?
negative
What is found in the middle of an atom?
nucleus and protons/neutrons
What surrounds an atom?
electrons
What accounts for the mass of an element?
protons and neutrons
Is the mass of electrons accounted for?
No. The mass of electrons is light and almost irrelevant to account for
What is the atomic number(or top number) of an element?
The number of protons
How do you find the number of electrons?
Take the mass-top number of element
What are isotopes?
Elements that differ in the amount of neutrons
What is energy?
The capacity to cause change
What is potential energy?
The energy that matter has based on location and structure
What is an electron shell?
Electron state of potential energy that is known as energy level or electron shell
What is the max electrons in the 1st shell?
2 electrons
What is the max electrons in the 2nd or more shell?
8 electrons
What are chemical compunds?
Attraction based on atoms
What are covalent bonds?
Non-metal + non-metal OR the sharing of electrons
What is an equal share of electrons?
Non-polar (H-H)
What is an unequal share of electrons?
polar
What is a molecule?
A molecule is covalent bond that consist of two or more atoms
What is structural formula?
Notation that represents the bonding of atoms(ex: H-H)
What is molecular formula?
Another shorter notation of structural formula(ex: H2)
What is electronegativity?
An atom’s attraction to other electrons in covalent bonds
What is a hydrogen bond?
When a hydrogen atom covalently to a electronegative atom
What is a Van der Waals interaction?
Attraction between molecules that are close because of their charges
