Chapter 6: Cell Biology 09/14/2023 Flashcards
What are the two types of cells?
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic
What is considered a prokaryotic cell?
Bacteria and archaea
What consists of eukaryotic cells?
Protists, fungi, animals, and plants
What are characteristics of prokaryotic cells?
Small, simple, and no nucleus
What are characteristics of eukaryotic cells?
Large, complex, and has a nucleus
What are characteristics that all cells have?
Plasma membranes, cytosol, chromosomes, and ribosomes
What is the plasma membrane?
A selective barrier that allows the passage of oxygen, nutrients, and waste to allow volume in every cell
What does the nucleus contain in the eukaryotic cell?
DNA
What do ribosomes do?
Use information from the DNA to make proteins
What is the nuclear envelope?
Closes the nucleus and separates from the cytoplasm
How is DNA organized?
In the nucleus in small units as chromosomes
What is chromatin?
DNA and chromosomes together
What is the nucleolus?
Located in the nucleus and where rRNA takes place by ribosomes
What does the endomembrane system consist of?
Nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and plasma membrane
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
More than half of the total membrane in eukaryotic cells
What is the rough ER?
Transports protein but lacks ribosomes
What is the smooth ER?
Transports and produces lipids and helps detox drugs/medication
What is the Golgi apparatus?
Connects smooth and rough ER and sorts materials to vesicles
What are lysosomes?
Break up foreign materials and disposes of them
What is phagocytosis?
The process where some cells can eat other cells
What are vacuoles?
Large vesicles that come from the ER and Golgi apparatus
What and how do food vacuoles form?
Form by phagocytosis when cells eat other cells
What is the mitochondria?
Produced ATP in eukaryotic cells and allows cellular respiration
What are chloroplasts?
The area where photosynthesis takes place and is found in plants and algae
What is the cristae?
The inner folds of a mitochondria
What is the cytoskeleton?
The network of fibers that extend to cytoplasm and covers the cell
