Chapter 4: Organic Molecules 09/07/2023 Flashcards
What are most living organisms composed of?
Carbon compounds
What is organic chemistry?
The study of compounds that contain carbon
What are hydrocarbons?
Organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen
What do hydrocarbons do?
Releases energy
What are isomers?
Compounds with same molecular formula but have different structures and properties
What is a structural isomer?
Have different covalent structure
Are hydrocarbons hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
Hydrophobic and non polar
What are cis/trans isomers?
Have same covalent bond with different structure
What are enantiomers?
Isomers that are mirror images of each other
What are enantiomers in the pharmaceutical industry?
Can produce drugs that appear the same but have different effects.
What is a functional group?
Organic molecules that attach to a carbon skeleton with different properties or functions
What is an example of functional groups?
Sex hormones that are similar and attach but have different properties
What are the 4 macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, protein, lipids, and nucleic acids
What do carbohydrates do?
Give energy
What do proteins do?
Are the building blocks of life
What do lipids do?
Store energy and insulation
What do nucleic acids do?
Store DNA
What are the 7 most important functional groups?
Hydroxyl, Carbonyl, Carboxyl, Amino Acids, Sulfhydryl, Phosphate, and Methyl group
What is included in the hydroxyl group?
H & O
What is included in the carbonyl group?
C & H
What is included in the carboxyl group?
C, H, O
What is included in the amino acids group?
N & H
What is included in the sulfhydryl group?
S & H
What is in the phosphate group?
P & O
What is included in the methyl group?
C & H
What is ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate where the molecule is attached to a string of three phosphate groups. A broken phosphate releases energy
