Chapter 23: Evolution Flashcards

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1
Q

What can cause allele frequency(microevolution)?

A

natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow

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2
Q

What is genetic variation?

A

Differences in genes or other DNA segments in individuals

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3
Q

Does nucleotide variation result in phenotypic variation?

A

No

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4
Q

What is a point mutation?

A

Change in one base in a gene

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5
Q

What are some effects from point mutations?

A

Result in a change in protein production(GOOD OR BAD), be hidden in recessive alleles

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6
Q

What is neutral variation?

A

No selective advantage or disadvantage

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7
Q

What are some conditions for non-evolving populations?

A
  1. no mutations
  2. random mating
  3. no natural selection
  4. large population size
  5. no gene flow
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8
Q

What is adaptive evolution?

A

An improvement in the match between organisms and their environment

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9
Q

What is genetic drift?

A

How allele frequencies fluctuate unpredictably from one generation to the next. Reduces genetic variation through loss of alleles

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10
Q

What is the founder effect?

A

When individuals become isolated from a larger population

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11
Q

What is the bottleneck effect?

A

The sudden reduction in population size due to a change in the environment

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12
Q

What is gene flow?

A

Movement of alleles among populations. Alles can be transferred through the movement of fertile individuals

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13
Q

What happens to variation from gene flow?

A

Reduce variation among populations over time

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