Chapter 3: Water and Life 09/04/2023 Flashcards
What is the universal solvent?
Water
What are atoms composed of?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons
What are the types of chemical bonds?
Covalent, ionic, hydrogen, and Vanderwaals
What do ionic bonds do?
Transfer and move electrons from atom to another
What do covalent bonds do?
Share one or more of their electrons between atoms
What is a polar covalent bond?
When the sharing of atoms is unequal
What are the four water properties?
- Cohesive Behavior
- Ability to Moderate Temperatures
- Expand upon freezing
- Versatility as a solvent
What is adhesion?
The attraction between different substances
What is cohesion?
The hydrogen bonds that hold water molecules together
What does cohesion help in?
Transport water against gravity in plants
What is surface tension?
The measurement of how hard it is to break the surface of a liquid
How does water help in temperature?
When there is heat, water absorbs it and releases it as cool air. When it is cold, it will release large amount of heat with slight change to its own temperature
What is kinetic energy?
The energy of motion
What is thermal energy?
The kinetic energy associated with random motion of atoms or molecules
What is energy?
The average kinetic energy of the molecules in a body of matter
What is heat?
Thermal energy that is transferred from one body to the next
What is a calorie?
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of water
What is specific heat?
The amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost
What happens to heat when hydrogen bonds break?
Heat is absorbed
What happens to heat when hydrogen bonds form?
Heat is released
What is heat of evaporation?
The heat a liquid must absorb for a gram to turn into a gas
What is a solution?
A liquid that is homogenous
What is a solvent?
What dissolves a substances
What is a solute?
The substance that is being dissolved
What is an aqueous solution?
A solution in which water is the solvent
What is a hydration shell?
When water molecules attach to ionic compounds and surround it by their charge
What is a hydrophilic substance?
A substance that likes water
What is hydrophobic substances?
A substance that does not like water
What is an acid?
Any substance that increases H+ ion concentration of a solution
What is a base?
Any substance where there is an increase of OH- in the solution
What is considered an acidic solution?
Those who have a pH less than 7
What is a basic solution?
Those who have a pH greater than 7
What is a buffer?
A substances that stops the concentration change of H+ and OH- in a solution
