Chapter 8: Eating Disorders

Question 1

3 primary eating disorders

Answer 1

1) bulimia nervosa
2) anorexia nervosa
3) binge-eating disorder

Question 2

which disorder has had rapid increased presence over the last half century?

Answer 2

they all have, but bulimia nervosa has skyrocketed.

Question 3

symptoms of bulimia nervosa

Answer 3

1) binge eating
2) lack of control during eating
3) vomiting and use of laxatives (inapprorpiate compensatory behaviours)

Question 4

binge eating and the innapropriate compensatory behaviours occur on average of ::: a week for ___ months during bulimic nervosa

Answer 4

at least once a week for 3 months.

Question 5

4 medical consequences of bulimic nervosa

Answer 5

1) salivary gland enlargemnet
2) dental enamel erodes
3) electrolyte imbalance
4) disrupted HB, kidney failure

Question 6

Associated psych disorders of bulimic nervosa

Answer 6

1) GAD
2) depression and Borderline personality disorder
3) impulse control disorder.

Question 7

most individuals with bulimia nervosa are:

Answer 7

female. If they are male, theyre usually from the LGBT community.

Question 8

what sort of “area” (ex/rural) would you find people more likely to struggle with bulimia nervosa?

Answer 8

in urban settings.

Question 9

___ ___ is characterized by a significantly low body weight, and significantly low caloric intake.

Answer 9

anorexia nervosa.

Question 10

most common eating disorder

Answer 10

bulimia nervosa.

Question 11

2 subtypes of anorexia nervosa

Answer 11

1) restricting type : individuals diet to limit calorie intake
2) binge-purge type: they rely on purging.

Question 12

difference between bulimia nervosa and bing-purge anorexia

Answer 12

individuals with binge-purge anorexia purge, but they do not eat as much as someone would if they had bulimia. They also purge more consistently.

Question 13

Associated psychological disorders with anorexia

Answer 13

1) mood disorders
2) OCD
3) substance abuse
4) suicide.

Question 14

Which disorder is more resistant to treatment

Answer 14

anorexia.

Question 15

Average age of onset of anorexia

Answer 15

late adolescence

Question 16

T/F Both bulimia and anorexia nervosa is chronic if untreated

Answer 16

true.

Question 17

medical consequences of anorexia

Answer 17

1) loss of menses
2) brittle skin/hair/bones
3) lanugo: downy hair on the limbs
4) cardiovascular problems.
5) electrolyte imbalance and teeth problems if binge-purge bulimia is there

Question 18

binge-eating disorder

Answer 18

binging but not engaging in the extreme compensatory behaviours and therefore cannot be diagnosed with bulimia. A person with binge eating disorder usually eats until feeling uncomfortably full. Afterwards, they feel disgusted with oneself, and feel guilty.

Question 19

binging usually occurs within a ___ hour period

Answer 19

2

Question 20

To be classified with a BED, binge eating must occur how often?

Answer 20

at least once a week for 3 months

Question 21

what medical condition is BED associated with

Answer 21

obesity. over 20% of individuals in weightloss programs engage in binge eating.

Question 22

Why do people binge eat?

Answer 22

often to alleviate negative moods.

Question 23

T/F: Crossing over to bulimia is very common among individuals with BED.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What cultures are most affected by eating disorders

Answer 24

western cultures. However, there is now increasing rates of anorexia in Japan

Question 25

what demographic in western cultures are most affected by eating disorders

Answer 25

immigrant girls who recently moved to western countries.

Question 26

Dietary Restraing

Answer 26

chronic dieting leads to preoccupation with food.

Question 27

what demographic in western cultures are least affected by eating disorders

Answer 27

black women

Question 28

developmental considerations for eating disorders

Answer 28

during puberty, most girls gain weight through fat whereas boys gain weight through muscle. However, ideals in society tell boys to be muscular and girls to be thin.

Therefore, puberty brings boys closer to ideal standards, and girls further away from standards

Question 29

T/F: before the age of 9, 20% of girls have reported trying to lose weight

Answer 29

true.

Question 30

typical family that is associated with anorexia

Answer 30

families who are successful and hard driving, and who focus on external appearances a lot.

• parents often have a preoccupation with appearance, which motivates young girls to lose weight.
  anorexia can lead to deteriorating relationships with family.

Question 31

T/F: your friendship clique will determine your attitudes towards dieting

Answer 31

false. this was originally thought, but it was seen in a more definitive study that adolescent girls tend to choose friends who already share similar attitudes towards eating.

Question 32

T/F: girls who diet face a greater risk of obesity than those who did not

Answer 32

true. girls who diet face a 300% more likely hood of getting obese than non-dieting girls.]
- girls who diet often cut out entire “reward foods”, putting them in a state of withdrawal. this results in them “relapsing,” and thus having a cycle.
- instead, its better to just moderate what you eat.
- women who attempt to diet are more likely to binge eat later on

Question 33

relationship between chronic dieters and memory

Answer 33

there is a bias for chronic dieters to remember things about food. They are able to recall calories and food related facts better than other subjects

Question 34

Dietary restraint: chronic dieting (ex/ in dancers, athletes) leads to a ___ with food

Answer 34

preoocupation with food. You are constantly thinking about it in a negative deconstructive way.

Question 35

Estimated heritability of an eating disorder

Answer 35

0.56 (56%).

Question 36

low ___ (NT) activity associated with impulsivity in general and binge eating specifically

Answer 36

low serotonergic activity.

Question 37

What reproductive hormones are related to impulsive eating

Answer 37

high levels of post ovulatory hormones.

Question 38

activity anorexia

Answer 38

when excessive physical activity can paradoxically cause a loss of appetite.

Question 39

reduced levels of ___ hormoen that acts on the hypothalamus to usually promote feelings of fullness might be associated with excessive efforts to keep weight down, and therefore lead to increases in the reinorcing value of food and possible binge eating

Answer 39

reduced levels of leptin might contribute to binge eating.

Question 40

leptin usually acts on the hypothalamus to:

Answer 40

promote the feeligns of fullness. Lack of leptin might trigger binge eating.

Question 41

most people with EDs will engage in purging, binging, exercising etc in order to:

Answer 41

in order to regulate their mood and reduce their anxiety.

Question 42

people with bulimia lose or gain weight?

Answer 42

the maintain their weight. Binging and purging is a cycle. But anorexia nervosa results in weight loss.

Question 43

Any successful drug treatments for EDs?

Answer 43

not really. There is some effectiveness in bulimia with the use of antidepressants but they do not have long lasting effects

Question 44

3 psychosocial treatments used for EDS

Answer 44

1) CBT-ENHANCED: focus on distorted body image and maladaptive attempts to control weight. Teach the pt about the physical consequences of binge eating and purging.
2) dialectical behaviour therapy for BED: focus on behaviourally analyzing function (motivation behind) impulsive and maladaptive behavior –> replace with appropriate alternative behaviours like mindfulness. Also attempts to improve interpersonal functioning
3) interpersonal psychotherapy: focus on improving interpersonal functioning.

Question 45

psychoeducation

Answer 45

used for bulimia treatment. Normalizes bulimics eating patterns and reduce their body image disturbance. It is shorter than CBT-E.

Question 46

Difference between CBT E and psychoeducation

Answer 46

1) psycho ed is lecture-type format
2) shorter in duration
3) nor tailed to the unique needs of individual patients.