Chapter 15 Pt 2: Major and Mild Neurocognitive Disorders

Question 1

Major neurocognitive disorder is aka

Answer 1

dementia

Question 2

What is mild neurocognitive disorder

Answer 2

a new DSM5 disorder that was created to focus attention on the early stages of cognitive decline.

Question 3

difference between neurocognitive disorders and delirium

Answer 3

neurocognitive disorders are progressive and slow onset. Delirium is acute onset and often doesn’t last a long time, maybe a couple days.They are considered episodes. Poeple with neurcognitive disorders may have episodes of delirium

Question 4

causes of neurocognitive disorders

Answer 4

many causes, just like delirium

• drugs and alcohol
• infection
• severe head injury
• HIV
• poisonous substances
• age

Question 5

____ is the inability to recognize and name objects, even if they are familiar

Answer 5

agnosia

Question 6

facial agnosida

Answer 6

the inability to recognize even familiar faces. Can be extremely distressing.

Question 7

common side effects of neurocognitive disorders

Answer 7

delusions, depression, agitation, aggression and apathy.

Question 8

how do most people die from neurocognitive disorders

Answer 8

cognitive functioning continues to deteriorate until the person requires almost total support to carry out day to day activities. ultimately death occurs as the rseult of INACTIVITY combined with the onset of other illnesses, such as PNEUMONIA.

Question 9

relationship with alzheimers and age

Answer 9

there is evidence that alzheimer’s diease and other types of dementias increase in prevalence with age, the rate close to doubling every five years after individuals reach the age of 70. Almost 90% of people over 100 show signs of neurocognitive disorder.

Question 10

how does education level affect rate of alzheimer’s

Answer 10

there is no correlation. neurocognitive disorder rates were the same for males and females ,regardless of edcuational level and social class.

Question 11

11 classes of neurocognitive disorders

Answer 11

1) alzheimer’s
2) vascular injury (stroke)
3) frontotemporal degeneration
4) traumatic brain injury
5) Lew Body Disease
6) Parkinson’s
7) HIV
8) substance use
9) Huntingtons
10) Prion disease
11) another medical condition.

Question 12

Which is the most prevalent neurocognitive disorder

Answer 12

alzheimer’s disease. Almost half of those with neurocognitive disorder exhibit this subtype.

Question 13

Alzheiemer’s disease is a neurocognitive disorder that results in multiple cognitive deficits that develop gradually and steadily. What are the four categories in which impairment is seen in Alzheimer’s?

Answer 13

1) memory
2) cognition
3) judgement
4) reasoning.

There is an inability to integrate new information, resulting in failure to learn new associations.

Question 14

why is alzheimer’s disease also known as sundowner clock?

Answer 14

their cognitive impairments are more pronounced at night. They become more agitation and impaired after dusk, most likely due to fatigue or to disturbances in the brain’s biological clock.

Question 15

aphasia

Answer 15

difficulty with language

Question 16

apraxia

Answer 16

impaired motor functioning

Question 17

agonisia

Answer 17

failure to recognize objectsq

Question 18

anomia

Answer 18

seen in people with alzheimers. Problems with naming objects– an example of language difficulties.

Question 19

T/F You can make a definite alzheimer’s diagnosis when the person is alive

Answer 19

false. the only definite diagnosis can be made during autopsy by quantifying brain characteristics, but the “possible diagnosis” made by clinicians is correct 90% of the time.

Question 20

exam used to identify dementia

Answer 20

Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) used to assess language and memory problems.

Question 21

Test that is often added to the MMSE to determine neurocognitive disorder

Answer 21

the clock Test. In this test, the pt is presented with a drawing o a clock, and is instructed to imagine that the circle is a clock. The pt is asked to put the numbers on the clock, and then asked to put the clock hands on a certain time.

The more amount of errors can assist in identifying patients with neurocognitive disorders, and could even predict neurocognitive disorders

Question 22

controversial nun study that could be used to predict alzheimers

Answer 22

nuns whose journals contained more simple writing were the nuns who developed alzheimers. LOW WRITING DENSITY occurred among the nuns with neurocognitive disorders later.

Question 23

explain the progress of deterioration of alzheimers

Answer 23

cognitive deterioration with alzheimer’s disease is slow during the early and later stages, but more rapid during the middle stages.

Question 24

Brain degeneration is seen in both educated and non educated individuals, but why is alzheimer’s exaccerbated in people who have lower education

Answer 24

studies suggest that edicational attainment may somehow create a mental researche of learned set of skills that helps someone cope for longer with the cognitive deterioration that marks the beginning of neurocognitive deficits. Therefore, even though brain deterioration is comprable for both gorups, but better educated individuals may be able to function successfully on a day-to day basis for longer.

Question 25

cerebral reserve hypothesis.

Answer 25

the more synapses a person develops throughout life, the more neuronal death must take place before the signs of neurocognitive disorder are obvious. The biological version of how education might help prevent neurocognitive disorders.

Question 26

why may women be more at risk for alzheimers?

Answer 26

preliminary studies may implicate the involvement of fluctuating estrogen levels.

Question 27

ethnic groups and alzheimers

Answer 27

neurocognitive disorder due to alzheimer’s is found in roughly the same numbers across all ethnic groups, with one study finding a slightly lower rate among first nations groups