Chapter 15 Pt 2: Major and Mild Neurocognitive Disorders Flashcards
Major neurocognitive disorder is aka
dementia
What is mild neurocognitive disorder
a new DSM5 disorder that was created to focus attention on the early stages of cognitive decline.
difference between neurocognitive disorders and delirium
neurocognitive disorders are progressive and slow onset. Delirium is acute onset and often doesn’t last a long time, maybe a couple days.They are considered episodes. Poeple with neurcognitive disorders may have episodes of delirium
causes of neurocognitive disorders
many causes, just like delirium
- drugs and alcohol
- infection
- severe head injury
- HIV
- poisonous substances
- age
____ is the inability to recognize and name objects, even if they are familiar
agnosia
facial agnosida
the inability to recognize even familiar faces. Can be extremely distressing.
common side effects of neurocognitive disorders
delusions, depression, agitation, aggression and apathy.
how do most people die from neurocognitive disorders
cognitive functioning continues to deteriorate until the person requires almost total support to carry out day to day activities. ultimately death occurs as the rseult of INACTIVITY combined with the onset of other illnesses, such as PNEUMONIA.
relationship with alzheimers and age
there is evidence that alzheimer’s diease and other types of dementias increase in prevalence with age, the rate close to doubling every five years after individuals reach the age of 70. Almost 90% of people over 100 show signs of neurocognitive disorder.
how does education level affect rate of alzheimer’s
there is no correlation. neurocognitive disorder rates were the same for males and females ,regardless of edcuational level and social class.
11 classes of neurocognitive disorders
1) alzheimer’s
2) vascular injury (stroke)
3) frontotemporal degeneration
4) traumatic brain injury
5) Lew Body Disease
6) Parkinson’s
7) HIV
8) substance use
9) Huntingtons
10) Prion disease
11) another medical condition.
Which is the most prevalent neurocognitive disorder
alzheimer’s disease. Almost half of those with neurocognitive disorder exhibit this subtype.
Alzheiemer’s disease is a neurocognitive disorder that results in multiple cognitive deficits that develop gradually and steadily. What are the four categories in which impairment is seen in Alzheimer’s?
1) memory
2) cognition
3) judgement
4) reasoning.
There is an inability to integrate new information, resulting in failure to learn new associations.
why is alzheimer’s disease also known as sundowner clock?
their cognitive impairments are more pronounced at night. They become more agitation and impaired after dusk, most likely due to fatigue or to disturbances in the brain’s biological clock.
aphasia
difficulty with language
apraxia
impaired motor functioning
agonisia
failure to recognize objectsq
anomia
seen in people with alzheimers. Problems with naming objects– an example of language difficulties.
T/F You can make a definite alzheimer’s diagnosis when the person is alive
false. the only definite diagnosis can be made during autopsy by quantifying brain characteristics, but the “possible diagnosis” made by clinicians is correct 90% of the time.
exam used to identify dementia
Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) used to assess language and memory problems.
Test that is often added to the MMSE to determine neurocognitive disorder
the clock Test. In this test, the pt is presented with a drawing o a clock, and is instructed to imagine that the circle is a clock. The pt is asked to put the numbers on the clock, and then asked to put the clock hands on a certain time.
The more amount of errors can assist in identifying patients with neurocognitive disorders, and could even predict neurocognitive disorders
controversial nun study that could be used to predict alzheimers
nuns whose journals contained more simple writing were the nuns who developed alzheimers. LOW WRITING DENSITY occurred among the nuns with neurocognitive disorders later.
explain the progress of deterioration of alzheimers
cognitive deterioration with alzheimer’s disease is slow during the early and later stages, but more rapid during the middle stages.
Brain degeneration is seen in both educated and non educated individuals, but why is alzheimer’s exaccerbated in people who have lower education
studies suggest that edicational attainment may somehow create a mental researche of learned set of skills that helps someone cope for longer with the cognitive deterioration that marks the beginning of neurocognitive deficits. Therefore, even though brain deterioration is comprable for both gorups, but better educated individuals may be able to function successfully on a day-to day basis for longer.
