Chapter 12: Intro to Personality Disorders and Borderline Personality Disorder Flashcards
personality disorder
persistent pattern of emotions, cognitions and behaviours that results in enduring emotional distress for the person affected and for others and may cause difficulties with work and relationships.
dimensional model of personality disorders (PDs)
a model where PSd are extreme versions of otherwise normal personality variations
categorial model of PD
model that suggests PDs are completely different from someone who is psychologically healthy.
there is a distinction between PD problems of ___ (Dimension) and problems of ___ (category)
there is a distinction between PD problems of DEGREE (Dimension) and problems of KIND (category)
model that characterizes the basic personality dimensions
Big 5-factor model:
- openness to experience
- agreeableness
- extraversion
- conscientiousness
- neuroticism.
differences between the cluster A and B and C disorders
A; “odd” or “eccentric disorders: schizotypical, schizoid and paranoid disorders
B: dramatic disorders like antisocial, boarderline, histrionic and narcissistic PDs
C: anxious/hearful disorders: inludes avoidant, dependent and obsessive comulsive PDs.
the DSM5 uses the ___ model to characterize PDs
categorical model. Some dimensional models have been suggested though, it could give flexibility in diagnosis.
common element of cluster B personality disorders
impulsivity. cluster B PDs are often characterized as emotional, erratic and dramatic.
problems with the statistics behind PDs
high comorbidity. some PDs may be misdiagnosed because theyre associated with other mood disorders and dependece on substances.
differences in men and women PD
men diagnosed with PDs tend to display traits characterized as more aggressive, structured, self-assertive, and detached
Women diagnosed with PDs tend to display traits characterized as more submissive, emotional, and insecure
___ PD is present more often in males, and ___ PD is present more often in females.
ANTISOCIAL PD is present more often in males, and DEPENDENT PD is present more often in females.
criterion gender bias
the criteria for a disorder may themselves be biased (ex/ some symptoms only women can feel)
assessment gender bias
the assessment measures and the way they are used may be biased.
___ PD is characterized by irresponsible and reckless behaviour
antisocial
____ PD is characterized by excessive emotionality and attention seeking
histrionic
people with ___ PD are excessively mistrustful and suspicious of others without any justification
people with PARANOID PERSONALITY DISORDER.
they assujme other people are out to harm or tirkc ehm, and therefore they tend not to confide in others.
defining characteristic of someone with paranoid personality disorder
pervasive, unjustified, distrust.
T/F people with paranoid PD are delusional
false. although individuals with paranoid PD are very suspicious of others, their suspiciousness does not reach delusional proportions.
causes for paranoid PD (Cluster A)
1) genetics
2) relative with schizophrenia
3) childhood trauma
4) culture: immigrants, refugees, pioneers and the elderly are thought to be particularly susceptible because of their unique experiences.
people with paranoid PD often do not seek help because they do not trust people. What must be established for proper help
a therapeutic alliance. they must try to provide an atmosphere conducive to develping a sense of trust. they often use CBT. `
this cluster A PD shows a pattern of detachment from social relationships and a very limited range of emotions in interpersonal situations
schizoid PD. They seem cold, aloof and indifferent to other people. They tend to lack emotional expressiveness.
potential causes of schizoid PD
1) childhood shyness
2) abuse and neglect
3) lower density of DA receptors are correlated with higher levels of detachment. This is also seen in people with autism
treatment for schizoid PD
1) therapist needs to point out the value in social relationships
2) may need be taught emotions felt by others.
3) social skills training