Chapter 8 and 9.1 Flashcards
Where do plants get the energy they need to produce food
The sun
What are autotrophs and heterotrophs
Autotrophs produce their own food for energy
Heterotrophs eat other organisms to obtain energy
What is ATP, what is it made of, what make it
Adenosine triphosphate, a high energy molecule that’s stored energy in its phosphate bonds and powers cellular machinery. Made up of one adenine, ribose sugar, and 3 phosphate groups. Plants make it
What is photosynthesis
It’s when plants use the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high energy carbs sugars starches and oxygen which is he waste product
What did van helmont discover
He concluded that trees gain most of their mass from water but he couldn’t figure out where carbon cane from
What did Priestley discover
Plants produce oxygen
What is the catalyst in the photosynthesis reaction
Chlorophyll
The two types of chorophyll are
Chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B
Light dependent reactions are
Reactions of photosynthesis that use energy from light produce ATP and NADPH
What is Stroma
The region outside The thylakoid membrane were the Calvin cycle occurs
(Basically the cytoplasm of chloroplasts)
Granum
Stacks of thylakoids that maximize the amount of surface area available for thylakoid membranes. Which is more area to absorb light
Thylakoids
Saclike photosynthetic membranes that have proteins that organize chlorophyll and other pigments into clusters known as photosystems. Light dependent reactions occur here
Photosystems
Clusters of chlorophyll and pigments that are the light collecting units of the chloroplasts. They absorb photons and chlorophyll electrons are released to the ETC electron transport chain
NADP+
One of the carrier molecules that transport high energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules
The Calvin cycle
Uses ATP and NADPH to produce High energy sugars. Takes place in the chloroplasts and doesn’t require light. The sugars are needed for structure and cellular respiration
Why are ATP, ADP, NADPH, and NADP+ aren’t part of the photosynthesis equation but carbon dioxide, water, glucose, and oxygen are?
ATP, ADP, NADP+, and NADPH are formed and used within the chloroplasts so they aren’t entering or exiting the chloroplasts
What are the four factors that affect photosynthesis
- Availability of water
- Moistness of environment
- Temperature
- Intensity of light
What is a calorie
Measure of heat energy. 1 calorie is the amount of energy that is needed to raise the temp of one gram of water 1°C
What is a Calorie
Kilocalories(1000) cals. The ones on food labels
What is the first step of cellular respiration
Glycosis
What is glycosis, where does it occur, does it require oxygen what does it provide
It is the breaking. Apart of glycogen it occurs in the cytoplasm, it requires no oxygen and provides some energy
